Individual and community influences on alcohol use disorders and other mental health behaviors in Mexican Americans

个人和社区对墨西哥裔美国人酒精使用障碍和其他心理健康行为的影响

• 批准号: 9926197
• 负责人: CINDY L EHLERS
• 金额: $ 66.15万
• 依托单位: SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-06-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9926197
• 关键词: Acculturation; Address; Adult; Affective; Age; Age of Onset; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Anxiety Disorders; Behavioral; Biological; Biometry; Blood; Blood Pressure; Body mass index; Buffers; C-reactive protein; Chronic; Chronic stress; Clinical; Coin; Communities; Complex; County; Crime; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA; Data; Depressive disorder; Development; Diagnosis; Distress; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Enzymes; Etiology; Event; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Risk; Glucose; Glycosylated hemoglobin A; Health; Health behavior; Heart Rate; Immigrant; Impaired health; Individual; Inflammation; Influentials; Interview; Lead; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methodology; Mexican; Mexican Americans; Mexico; Modeling; Motor; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Physiological; Play; Population; Prevention program; Preventive Intervention; Procedures; Process; Psychosocial Assessment and Care; Research; Research Personnel; Rest; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Sensory; Stimulus; Stress; Symptoms; Syndrome; Testing; Time; Trauma; United States; Woman; aged; alcohol comorbidity; alcohol effect; alcohol response; alcohol risk; alcohol use disorder; allostatic load; binge drinking; biopsychosocial; cohort; density; distilled alcoholic beverage; drinking; drinking onset; early onset; experience; follow-up; gender difference; gene environment interaction; genetic risk factor; health disparity; high risk; intervention program; men; model development; peer; polygenic risk score; post-traumatic stress; protective factors; psychosocial; response; sleep quality; socioeconomics; statistics; stressor; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The overall objective of the proposed research is to conduct community level research and to develop a multilevel, bio-psychosocial-ecological model of risk and protective factors for mental health (MH) and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in Mexican American young adults (primarily second generation immigrants) in San Diego county. U.S.-born Mexican Americans have rates of alcohol use and psychiatric disorders that are higher than their Mexican-born ancestors and peers. This suggests trans-generational processes of adapting to life in the U.S. may play an important role in MH and health risk behaviors. The neighborhoods and communities in which these young adults settle also impact their health. Therefore, second generation Mexican Americans living near the border represent a population at high risk for health disparities. One theoretical approach to understanding the cause of these health disparities in immigrants is to envision the stress associated with acculturation as similar to other chronic psychosocial stressors that can over time lead to a dysregulation of the body's homeostatic function and thus impaired health. One measure of this dysregulation is allostatic load (AL) a term coined by McEwen and Stellar to operationalize the “wear and tear” on the body caused by chronic stress over time. In this study, we will apply new measures of AL to an extension of a previously ascertained cross- sectional study of young adult Mexican American population (18-30 yrs) that has focused on individual bio-psychosocial factors that influence MH and AUDs. Those preliminary studies have demonstrated a distinct cluster of bio-psychosocial risk factors associated with MH, binge drinking and AUDs in this population. These associated factors include: early age of onset of drinking, reduced sleep quality, electrophysiological measures, co-morbidity of AUD with other psychiatric disorders, experience of trauma and post-traumatic stress syndrome, measures of acculturation stress, and distributions of alcohol metabolizing enzymes unique to this population. In the studies proposed here, we will: (1) Use geocoding procedures to obtain community/neighborhood data on our existing cohort and an expanded group of participants in order to increase power to identify contextual influences on pathways to AUD, including gene X environment interactions, and to evaluate gender differences; and (2) add a longitudinal study by following up with our existing cohort later in adulthood to determine if they have “aged out” of early adult behavioral patterns or have developed more severe clinical outcomes. The longitudinal study also will enable assessment of effects of changes in acculturation and moving to a new community, or remaining in a high-risk neighborhood, on drinking and AUDs. Finally, we will, (3) use data from the expanded cross- sectional and longitudinal samples to develop a comprehensive bio-psychosocial-ecological model of MH and AUDs in Mexican Americans that includes individual genetic and physiological factors, as well as interpersonal and community influences. The proposed project brings together investigators with expertise in community studies, bio-psychosocial measures, biometrics and genetics to tackle this complex problem. Ultimately this study has the potential to provide critical information for understanding how select genetic and environmental factors might interact in the development of AUDs among Mexican American men and women living in in the U.S.-Mexico border region.

项目摘要/摘要 拟议研究的总体目标是进行社区层面的研究并开发多层次， 心理健康（MH）和酒精使用障碍的风险和保护因素的生物心理社会生态模型 （AUDS）在圣地亚哥县的墨西哥裔美国年轻人（主要是第二代移民）。美国出生 墨西哥裔美国人的酒精使用率和精神疾病高于其出生的祖先 和同龄人。这表明，适应美国生活的跨代过程可能在MH中发挥重要作用 健康风险行为。这些年轻人定居的社区和社区也影响了他们的健康。 因此，居住在边界附近的第二代墨西哥裔美国人代表着健康的人口 差异。理解移民中这些健康差异原因的一种理论方法是设想 与适应相关的压力与其他慢性社会心理压力源相似，随着时间的流逝，它们会导致 人体体内稳态功能的失调，因此健康受损。这种失调的一种量度是完全静态的 负载（Al）由McEwen和Stellar创造的术语，以操作由慢性引起的体内的“磨损” 随着时间的推移压力。在这项研究中，我们将采用新的AL措施来扩展以前确定的跨界 重点是个人生物心理社会的年轻墨西哥裔美国人人口（18 - 30年）的分区研究 影响MH和AUD的因素。这些初步研究表明了一个独特的生物心理社会集群 与MH相关的风险因素，该人群中的暴饮暴食和auds。这些相关因素包括：很小的年龄 饮酒发作，睡眠质量降低，电生理测量，与其他精神病学的合并症 疾病，创伤和创伤后压力综合征的经验，培养压力的措施以及分布 酒精代谢化酶是该人群独有的。在此处提出的研究中，我们将：（1）使用地理编码 获取有关我们现有队列的社区/邻里数据的程序和一组扩展的参与者 为了确定对通往AUD途径的上下文影响的力量，包括基因X环境相互作用，以及 评估性别差异； （2）通过跟进我们现有的队列后期成年后添加纵向研究 确定他们是否已经“老化”了早期的成人行为模式还是发展了更严重的临床结果。 纵向研究还将评估培养和转移到新社区的影响的影响， 或留在高风险的社区，喝酒和澳元。最后，我们将（3）使用来自扩展的交叉的数据 分段和纵向样本，以开发MH和AUDS的全面生物心理社会生态模型 包括个人遗传和身体因素以及人际交往和社区的墨西哥裔美国人 影响。拟议的项目将研究人员汇集到社区研究中的专业知识，生物心理社会 措施，生物识别技术和遗传学解决这一复杂问题。最终，这项研究有可能提供 了解选择遗传和环境因素如何在开发中相互作用的关键信息 居住在美国 - 墨西哥边境地区的墨西哥裔美国人男女之间的澳元。