Individual and community influences on alcohol use disorders and other mental health behaviors in Mexican Americans

个人和社区对墨西哥裔美国人酒精使用障碍和其他心理健康行为的影响

• 批准号: 9926197
• 负责人: CINDY L EHLERS
• 金额: $ 66.15万
• 依托单位: SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-06-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9926197
• 关键词: Acculturation; Address; Adult; Affective; Age; Age of Onset; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Anxiety Disorders; Behavioral; Biological; Biometry; Blood; Blood Pressure; Body mass index; Buffers; C-reactive protein; Chronic; Chronic stress; Clinical; Coin; Communities; Complex; County; Crime; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA; Data; Depressive disorder; Development; Diagnosis; Distress; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Enzymes; Etiology; Event; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Risk; Glucose; Glycosylated hemoglobin A; Health; Health behavior; Heart Rate; Immigrant; Impaired health; Individual; Inflammation; Influentials; Interview; Lead; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methodology; Mexican; Mexican Americans; Mexico; Modeling; Motor; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Physiological; Play; Population; Prevention program; Preventive Intervention; Procedures; Process; Psychosocial Assessment and Care; Research; Research Personnel; Rest; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Sensory; Stimulus; Stress; Symptoms; Syndrome; Testing; Time; Trauma; United States; Woman; aged; alcohol comorbidity; alcohol effect; alcohol response; alcohol risk; alcohol use disorder; allostatic load; binge drinking; biopsychosocial; cohort; density; distilled alcoholic beverage; drinking; drinking onset; early onset; experience; follow-up; gender difference; gene environment interaction; genetic risk factor; health disparity; high risk; intervention program; men; model development; peer; polygenic risk score; post-traumatic stress; protective factors; psychosocial; response; sleep quality; socioeconomics; statistics; stressor; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The overall objective of the proposed research is to conduct community level research and to develop a multilevel, bio-psychosocial-ecological model of risk and protective factors for mental health (MH) and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in Mexican American young adults (primarily second generation immigrants) in San Diego county. U.S.-born Mexican Americans have rates of alcohol use and psychiatric disorders that are higher than their Mexican-born ancestors and peers. This suggests trans-generational processes of adapting to life in the U.S. may play an important role in MH and health risk behaviors. The neighborhoods and communities in which these young adults settle also impact their health. Therefore, second generation Mexican Americans living near the border represent a population at high risk for health disparities. One theoretical approach to understanding the cause of these health disparities in immigrants is to envision the stress associated with acculturation as similar to other chronic psychosocial stressors that can over time lead to a dysregulation of the body's homeostatic function and thus impaired health. One measure of this dysregulation is allostatic load (AL) a term coined by McEwen and Stellar to operationalize the “wear and tear” on the body caused by chronic stress over time. In this study, we will apply new measures of AL to an extension of a previously ascertained cross- sectional study of young adult Mexican American population (18-30 yrs) that has focused on individual bio-psychosocial factors that influence MH and AUDs. Those preliminary studies have demonstrated a distinct cluster of bio-psychosocial risk factors associated with MH, binge drinking and AUDs in this population. These associated factors include: early age of onset of drinking, reduced sleep quality, electrophysiological measures, co-morbidity of AUD with other psychiatric disorders, experience of trauma and post-traumatic stress syndrome, measures of acculturation stress, and distributions of alcohol metabolizing enzymes unique to this population. In the studies proposed here, we will: (1) Use geocoding procedures to obtain community/neighborhood data on our existing cohort and an expanded group of participants in order to increase power to identify contextual influences on pathways to AUD, including gene X environment interactions, and to evaluate gender differences; and (2) add a longitudinal study by following up with our existing cohort later in adulthood to determine if they have “aged out” of early adult behavioral patterns or have developed more severe clinical outcomes. The longitudinal study also will enable assessment of effects of changes in acculturation and moving to a new community, or remaining in a high-risk neighborhood, on drinking and AUDs. Finally, we will, (3) use data from the expanded cross- sectional and longitudinal samples to develop a comprehensive bio-psychosocial-ecological model of MH and AUDs in Mexican Americans that includes individual genetic and physiological factors, as well as interpersonal and community influences. The proposed project brings together investigators with expertise in community studies, bio-psychosocial measures, biometrics and genetics to tackle this complex problem. Ultimately this study has the potential to provide critical information for understanding how select genetic and environmental factors might interact in the development of AUDs among Mexican American men and women living in in the U.S.-Mexico border region.

项目概要/摘要 拟议研究的总体目标是进行社区层面的研究并开发多层次、 心理健康（MH）和酒精使用障碍的风险和保护因素的生物心理社会生态模型 （澳元）在美国出生的圣地亚哥县的墨西哥裔美国年轻人（主要是第二代移民）。 墨西哥裔美国人的饮酒率和精神疾病率高于墨西哥出生的祖先 这表明适应美国生活的跨代过程可能在 MH 和同龄人中发挥重要作用。 这些年轻人居住的街区和社区也会影响他们的健康。 因此，居住在边境附近的第二代墨西哥裔美国人代表了健康风险较高的人群 理解移民健康差异的一种理论方法是设想 与文化适应相关的压力与其他慢性社会心理压力源类似，随着时间的推移，可能会导致 身体稳态功能失调，从而损害健康，这种失调的一种衡量标准是稳态。 负荷 (AL) 由 McEwen 和 Stellar 创造的术语，用于具体化慢性疾病对身体造成的“磨损” 在这项研究中，我们将应用新的 AL 措施来扩展先前确定的交叉。 对年轻墨西哥裔美国人（18-30 岁）的截面研究，重点关注个人生物心理社会 这些初步研究表明，影响 MH 和 AUD 的因素有一系列独特的生物心理社会因素。 该人群中与 MH、酗酒和 AUD 相关的危险因素这些相关因素包括： 年龄较小。 饮酒开始、睡眠质量下降、电生理测量、AUD 与其他精神疾病的共病 障碍、创伤经历和创伤后应激综合症、文化适应压力的测量以及 在此提出的研究中，我们将：（1）使用地理编码。 获取有关我们现有队列和扩大的有序群体的社区/邻里数据的程序 增强识别 AUD 途径的背景影响的能力，包括 X 基因环境相互作用，以及 评估性别差异；（2）通过在成年后跟踪我们现有的队列来添加纵向研究 以确定他们是否已经“脱离”了早期成年行为模式或出现了更严重的临床结果。 纵向研究还将能够评估文化适应和迁移到新社区的变化的影响， 最后，我们将（3）使用来自扩展交叉研究的数据。 剖面和纵向样本，以开发 MH 和 AUD 的综合生物心理社会生态模型 墨西哥裔美国人，包括个人遗传和生理因素，以及人际关系和社区 拟议的项目汇集了具有社区研究、生物心理社会专业知识的研究人员。 最终，这项研究有可能提供解决这一复杂问题的措施、生物识别和遗传学。 了解选择的遗传和环境因素如何在发育中相互作用的关键信息 居住在美墨边境地区的墨西哥裔美国男性和女性的澳元。