Risk factors for alcohol dependence in Native Americans

美洲原住民酒精依赖的危险因素

• 批准号: 6829322
• 负责人: Nichea Solomon Spillane
• 金额: $ 2.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6829322
• 关键词: Native Americans; alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; behavioral /social science research tag; caucasian American; choice; clinical research; disease /disorder proneness /risk; drug addiction; gender difference; human subject; impulsive behavior; low socioeconomic status; personality; predoctoral investigator; psychometrics; questionnaires; racial /ethnic difference; reinforcer; substance abuse epidemiology; substance abuse related behavior

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of the proposed program of research is to begin testing a more complete model of Native American (NA) drinking. The first part of the model adapts drinking behavioral choice theory to help explain high mean NA drinking levels. Standard Life Reinforcers (SLRs) are a basic set of rewarding experiences or consequences that individuals strive for, such as housing, economic security, work opportunity, family closeness, and knowledge. Some NAs experience less access to some SLRs, less loss of other SLRs from drinking, and less contingency between drinking and access to yet other SLRs. As a result, they experience fewer incentives to avoid heavy drinking, and hence they drink more heavily. The second part of the model applies acquired preparedness theory to explain individual differences in drinking levels among NAs. This model incorporates both personality and psychosocial learning. It proposes that disinhibition/impulsivity operates as a general, distal risk factor for a range of acting out behaviors. Impulsivity is likely to lead to problem drinking when one also acquires a proximal risk factor, i.e., expectancies for reinforcement from drinking. The overall model addresses both group and individual difference factors.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究计划的目标是开始测试更完整的美洲原住民 (NA) 饮酒模型。该模型的第一部分采用饮酒行为选择理论来帮助解释高平均 NA 饮酒水平。标准生活强化物（SLR）是个人努力争取的一组基本的有益经历或结果，例如住房、经济安全、工作机会、家庭亲密关系和知识。一些 NA 获得某些 SLR 的机会较少，因饮酒而导致其他 SLR 的损失较少，并且饮酒与获得其他 SLR 之间的意外事件较少。因此，他们避免大量饮酒的动机较少，因此饮酒量更大。模型的第二部分应用后天准备理论来解释 NA 中饮酒水平的个体差异。该模型结合了个性和心理社会学习。它提出，去抑制/冲动是一系列表现行为的普遍的、远端的危险因素。当一个人还获得了一个近端风险因素（即期望通过饮酒得到强化）时，冲动很可能会导致饮酒问题。整体模型解决了群体和个体差异因素。