Contextual Risk Factors for Substance Use in Adolescent Reservation-Dwelling Amer

美洲保留地青少年吸毒的背景风险因素

基本信息

批准号：
8076230
负责人：
Nichea Solomon Spillane
金额：
$ 17.3万
依托单位：
BROWN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-06-01 至 2015-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8076230
关键词：
17 year old Achievement Address Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Development Adult Advanced Development Age Alcohol abuse Alcohol consumption Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcohols American Indians Area Award Biological Markers Caucasians Caucasoid Race Clinical Data Dependence Development Development Plans Discrimination Drops Education Employment Ensure Environment Evaluation Expectancy Family Focus Groups Gender Goals Healthcare Heavy Drinking Hostility Housing Individual Individual Differences Interview K-Series Research Career Programs Learning Life Link Measurement Measures Mentors Methodology Methods Minority Modeling Pathway interactions Patient Self-Report Pattern Personality Traits Phase Population Population Heterogeneity Prevention Prevention program Preventive Intervention Process Psychometrics Published Comment Qualitative Methods Qualitative Research Recording of previous events Reporting Research Research Personnel Research Training Reservations Resources Risk Risk Factors Role Sampling Scientist Strategic Planning Structure Substance abuse problem Sum Symptoms Testing Theoretical model Training Translating Translational Research Typology Universities Writing Youth addiction adolescent substance use alcohol and other drug alcohol expectancy austin base career development community based participatory research experience health disparity high risk innovation instrument intervention program peer prevent programs public health priorities public health relevance reinforcer research and development social substance using adolescents theories underage drinking

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of the K08 Mentored Research Clinical Scientist Development Award is to expand the applicant's research capabilities to include adolescent Reservation-dwelling American Indian (RDAIs) substance use. The proposed training and research plan fit well with NIDA's strategic plan to promote research on health disparities related to substance use and to increase minority representation in substance use research. The candidate is an American Indian, and her prior research experiences have been in the area of health disparities related to alcohol use in adult RDAIs, involving quantitative methodologies. Although research shows that RDAI adolescents are at a higher risk for substance use, we know little about the reasons for this increased risk. In a group of adult RDAIs, we found that RDAIs as a group expected less of a drop in access to some basic reinforcers (access to housing, employment, etc) as a function of heavy drinking compared to middle class Caucasians. Because adults typically begin using alcohol and other drugs during adolescence, studying reinforcers for not using in adolescent RDAIs is a high public health priority. The present application proposes a structured program of mentoring, training, and supervised research to increase the candidate's capacity to conduct high-quality research blending state of the art qualitative and quantitative methodologies. This K08 will accomplish these objectives through the career development and research plans. The career development plan consists of mentored training in measurement development, adolescent development as it relates to substance use, adolescent American Indian substance use research, qualitative and advanced quantitative methods, and training in translating research findings to treatment and prevention development. The Brown University Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies provides an intellectually stimulating environment with outstanding resources to ensure the successful achievement of the candidate's training plan. The candidate has assembled a team of mentors who are each experts and nationally known for their research in areas specific to the training plan. Dr. Christopher Kahler (primary mentor) is an expert in measurement development, advanced quantitative methods, and translational research. Dr. Don Operario (co- mentor) is an expert in community based participatory research focusing on health disparities in ethnically diverse populations, and in the use and implementation of mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. Dr. Kristina Jackson (co-mentor) is an expert in adolescent development and substance use involvement. Finally, Dr. Paul Spicer (co-mentor) is an expert in American Indian research with adults and adolescents. The research plan proposes a three phase plan to test a theory of risk for substance use in adolescent RDAIs. The first phase employs qualitative methods to identify and construct a typology of factors unique to this population - i.e., the social/environmental, cultural, and developmental context - that might reinforce observed patterns of substance use. Based on these interviews, we will develop a measure of these reinforcers to be used in Phase 2. Phase 2 is a psychometric evaluation of the measure that will be developed from the qualitative interviews and focus groups conducted in Phase 1. Phase 3 is a cross-sectional test of the association between these factors and substance use involvement. The candidate will write an R01 in order to follow these individuals to investigate the role of these factors longitudinally. Results of this program of research are expected to ultimately inform the development of a theoretically based, developmentally and culturally appropriate theory to prevent the use and harms associated with substance use in this population. It is anticipated that this prevention intervention model will target important determinants of substance use, which will be characterized in this proposed K-Award and subsequent R01 submission. In sum, this award will provide the candidate the necessary expertise to develop an independent innovative research program that will generate findings that will contribute to our understanding of risk for substance use in this high risk RDAI group and inform more effective prevention and intervention programs. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Adolescent RDAIs initiate substance use at an earlier age and use more substances that non-reservation American Indian and non-American Indian youth. This project will contribute to our understanding of the risk process for substance use involvement in adolescent RDAIs, which will have value for: (a) understanding which individuals are at greatest risk for substance abuse and (b) developing effective prevention programs.

描述（由申请人提供）：K08 指导研究临床科学家发展奖的长期目标是扩大申请人的研究能力，以涵盖青少年保留地美洲印第安人 (RDAI) 物质使用问题。拟议的培训和研究计划与 NIDA 的战略计划非常吻合，该战略计划旨在促进与物质使用相关的健康差异研究，并增加少数群体在物质使用研究中的代表性。该候选人是一名美洲印第安人，她之前的研究经验是与成人 RDAI 中饮酒相关的健康差异领域，涉及定量方法。尽管研究表明 RDAI 青少年物质使用的风险较高，但我们对这种风险增加的原因知之甚少。在一组成年 RDAI 中，我们发现，与中产阶级白种人相比，RDAI 作为一个群体预计，由于酗酒而获得一些基本强化物（获得住房、就业等）的机会下降较少。由于成年人通常在青春期开始使用酒精和其他药物，因此研究青少年 RDAI 中不使用的强化剂是公共卫生的高度优先事项。本申请提出了指导、培训和监督研究的结构化计划，以提高候选人进行融合最先进的定性和定量方法的高质量研究的能力。 K08 将通过职业发展和研究计划来实现这些目标。职业发展计划包括测量发展、与药物使用相关的青少年发展、青少年美洲印第安人药物使用研究、定性和高级定量方法以及将研究结果转化为治疗和预防发展的培训等方面的指导培训。布朗大学酒精与成瘾研究中心提供了一个智力刺激的环境和优秀的资源，以确保候选人的培训计划的成功实现。候选人组建了一个导师团队，他们都是专家，并因其在培训计划特定领域的研究而闻名全国。 Christopher Kahler 博士（主要导师）是测量开发、高级定量方法和转化研究方面的专家。 Don Operario 博士（共同导师）是社区参与性研究方面的专家，专注于不同种族人群的健康差异，以及混合定性和定量方法的使用和实施。克里斯蒂娜·杰克逊博士（共同导师）是青少年发展和物质使用参与方面的专家。最后，保罗·斯派塞博士（共同导师）是美洲印第安人成人和青少年研究方面的专家。该研究计划提出了一个三阶段计划来测试青少年 RDAI 物质使用风险理论。第一阶段采用定性方法来识别和构建该人群特有的因素类型，即社会/环境、文化和发展背景，这可能会强化观察到的物质使用模式。根据这些访谈，我们将制定在第 2 阶段使用的这些强化物的衡量标准。第 2 阶段是对衡量标准的心理测量评估，该评估将根据第 1 阶段进行的定性访谈和焦点小组制定。第 3 阶段是交叉评估-这些因素与物质使用参与之间关联的分段测试。候选人将写一份 R01，以便跟踪这些人纵向调查这些因素的作用。该研究计划的结果预计将最终为基于理论的、适合发展和文化的理论的发展提供信息，以防止该人群中物质使用和与物质使用相关的危害。预计这种预防干预模型将针对物质使用的重要决定因素，这将在拟议的 K-Award 和随后提交的 R01 中进行表征。总之，该奖项将为候选人提供必要的专业知识来开发独立的创新研究计划，该计划将产生有助于我们了解这一高风险 RDAI 群体物质使用风险的研究结果，并为更有效的预防和干预计划提供信息。公共卫生相关性：青少年 RDAI 较早开始使用药物，并且比非保留美洲印第安人和非美洲印第安人青少年使用更多的药物。该项目将有助于我们了解青少年 RDAI 中药物滥用的风险过程，这将具有以下价值：(a) 了解哪些人面临药物滥用的最大风险；(b) 制定有效的预防计划。