FRONTAL CONTROL /MEMORY IN AGING & SENILE DEMENTIA OF THE ALZHEIMER'S TYPE

前端控制/内存老化

• 批准号: 6299230
• 负责人: David A Balota
• 金额: $ 20.76万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-02-01 至 2000-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6299230
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; aging; attention; clinical research; cognition; comprehension; dementia; frontal lobe /cortex; human old age (65+); human subject; magnetic resonance imaging; memory; memory disorders; neural information processing; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; positron emission tomography; psychometrics; temporal lobe /cortex

Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) is becoming one of the most devasting health problems facing society. In the initial stages of the disease, individuals experience some memory impairment followed later by widespread breakdown in most cognitive functions. In addition, although the deficits are not as severe and progressive, there is also evidence of cognitive breakdowns in healthy aged individuals. The goal of the present proposal is to examine a cognitive mechanism which may underlie the deficits exhibited in both healthy aged and in SDAT individuals, and to begin to develop a formal model which can account for these deficits. The specific target mechanism addressed in this proposal is the ability to inhibit partially activated and competitive information. Recent work from our lab (P01AG03991, Project 3) indicates that healthy aged individuals and to a greater extent SDAT individuals exhibit a breakdown in inhibitory aged individuals and to a greater extent SDAT individuals exhibit a breakdown in inhibitory control across a number of experimental paradigms. In the first series of proposed experiments (Experiments 1-7, Series I), the efficiency of inhibitory processes in healthy aging and SDAT will be examined at a number of distinct levels within the information processing system: perception, memory retrieval, lexical disambiguation, and sentence comprehension. In addition, these experiments will involve manipulations that will allow one to track changes in the time course of inhibitory processes across our subjects groups. The second series of experiments (Experiments 1-4, Series II) will extend to healthy aged and SDAT individuals a set of formal connectionist models that were developed by Cohen and Servan-Schreiber (1992) to account for breakdowns in the efficiency of inhibitory processes in schizophrenic individuals and also to simulate dopaminergic breakdowns in the prefrontal cortex. The proposed experiments will provide an empirical base for formally modelling cognitive changes that occur in healthy aged and SDAT individuals, and also provide a unique opportunity to compare changes in the specific model parameters that are necessary to account for changes in cognitive performance across three distinct populations (schizophrenic, healthy aged, and SDAT individuals). Hence, in collaboration with J. Cohen and D. Servan-Schreiber we intend to use a three-pronged attack utilizing basic cognitive theory, formal connectionist modelling, and neurological evidence to better understand the cognitive changes that are associated with healthy aging and Alzheimer's Disease.

阿尔茨海默氏症类型（SDAT）的老年痴呆症正在成为最多的痴呆症 毁灭社会面临的健康问题。 在初始阶段 疾病，个人经历了一些记忆力障碍，然后是 大多数认知功能的广泛分解。 另外，虽然 缺陷并不那么严重和进步，也有证据 健康老年人的认知分解。 目标的目标 目前的建议是检查一种认知机制，这可能是可能的 在健康的老年和SDAT个体中都表现出赤字，以及 开始开发一个可以解释这些赤字的正式模型。 本提案中解决的具体目标机制是能力 抑制部分激活和竞争性信息。 最近的工作 来自我们的实验室（P01AG03991，项目3）表示健康老化 个人，在更大程度上SDAT个体表现出故障 在抑制年龄的个体和更大程度上的SDAT个体 在许多实验中表现出抑制性控制的故障 范式。 在第一个提出的实验中（实验1-7， i），健康衰老和抑制过程的效率 SDAT将在多个不同的级别中检查 信息处理系统：感知，内存检索，词汇 歧义和句子理解。 另外，这些 实验将涉及操纵，使一个人可以跟踪 我们受试者抑制过程的时间过程的变化 组。 第二系列实验（实验1-4，II系列） 将扩展到健康的老年人和SDAT个人一组正式 由Cohen和Servan-Schreiber开发的连接主义模型 （1992）说明抑制性效率的细分 精神分裂症个体的过程，也模拟多巴胺能 前额叶皮层的分解。 提出的实验将 为正式建模认知变化提供了经验基础 发生在健康的老年人和SDAT个人中，还提供独特的 比较特定模型参数的变化的机会 考虑到三个的认知表现变化所必需的 不同的人群（精神分裂症，健康老年和SDAT个体）。 因此，我们打算与J. Cohen和D. Servan-Schreiber合作 使用基本认知理论，使用三管齐下的攻击，正式 连接主义的建模和神经学证据以更好地理解 与健康的衰老相关的认知变化 阿尔茨海默氏病。