BEHAVIORAL & VETERINARY APPROACHES TO PRIMATE BREEDING

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• 批准号: 6277500
• 负责人: FRANS DEWAAL
• 金额: $ 3.54万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-05-01 至 1999-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6277500
• 关键词: Mammalia; Primates; cognition; psychology

One of the most important issues in animal management is to determine the optimal captive environment for the physical and psychological well-being of a particular species. Estimates of well-being require data on behavior, physiology, trauma, health, and reproduction of animals under different living conditions. The present project seeks to provide this information for species such as the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), and pigtail macaque (M. nemestrina). Data collected on these three species under a variety of conditions with standardized protocols will provide a computerized data base that will enhance the ability of national breeding programs to justify existing housing conditions and/or provide an empirical basis for the design of future facilities. The project is also part of an ongoing effort to develop a new theoretical model of environmental effects on aggressive behavior. Nonhuman primates have many checks on aggression, and appear to effectively cope with social tension related to crowding through appeasement and peacemaking. In 1997, data were collected on a group of chimpanzee housed in a large naturalistic enclosure at Busch Gardens, Florida. Data collection consisted of behavioral observations and fecal samples, following the same methodology that we used the previous years for the groups living at the Yerkes Primate Center. The fecal samples are used to assess level of stress hormones such as cortisol (an article on the validation of the method was published in early 1998). Comparisons of the data collected on groups housed under different conditions at the Yerkes Center suggest that chimpanzee behavior differs depending on the density condition and the number of neighboring groups housed nearby. In addition, data on wounds recorded every week for each chimpanzee living at the Yerkes Center show that housing condition affects the frequency and severity of the wounds. A NATO Collaborative Research Grant has supported an extension of our project to the large group of chimpanzees of the Arnhem zoo in whic h similar data have been collected. Behavioral observations have also been done on two groups of pigtail macaques housed in small enclosures at the New Iberia Primate Center, Louisiana. These data will be compared with data already collected on groups of the same species housed in larger compounds at the Yerkes Center. Observations have also been completed on one of the Yerkes groups after it was moved into a larger compound to document behavioral changes. A first study on the short-term effects of increased density in a sample of 45 chimpanzees was published we found that under high-density conditions social behavior was reduced, whereas behavioral indicators of stress increased. Another published article dealt with an empirical test of behavioral indicators of stress and anxiety in chimpanzees. Video images of chimpanzees, pigtail and rhesus macaques collected and catalogued in previous years have been assembled into videotapes that will support a behavior manual. Videotapes and the behavior manual will be resources to assist others in the interpretation of the computerized data base.

动物管理中最重要的问题之一是 确定物理和 特定物种的心理健康。 估计 福祉需要有关行为，生理，创伤，健康和健康的数据 在不同的生活条件下繁殖动物。 这 目前的项目旨在为等物种提供此信息 黑猩猩（Pan Troglodytes），鼠尾草（Macaca Mulatta）和 辫子猕猴（M. nemestrina）。 这三个收集的数据 在各种条件下具有标准化协议的物种将 提供计算机化数据库，以增强 国家育种计划，以证明现有住房条件是合理的 和/或为未来设施的设计提供经验基础。 该项目也是开发新的努力的一部分 环境对攻击行为的影响的理论模型。 非人类灵长类动物对侵略有很多检查，并且似乎 有效应对与拥挤的社会紧张关系 app养和和平。 1997年，一组收集数据 黑猩猩被安置在Busch的大型自然主义围栏中 佛罗里达花园。 数据收集包括行为 观测和粪便样品，遵循我们的方法与我们相同的方法 将前几年用于居住在耶克斯灵长类动物的群体 中心。 粪便样品用于评估应力激素水平 例如皮质醇（有关该方法验证的文章是 于1998年初出版）。 比较分组收集的数据 在耶克斯中心的不同条件下安置 黑猩猩的行为取决于密度条件和 附近的邻近群体数量。 此外，数据 每周录制的每一个居住在Yerkes的黑猩猩都会记录 中心表明住房状况会影响频率和严重性 伤口。 北约协作研究赠款支持了 我们的项目扩展到大批黑猩猩 已经收集了类似数据中的Arnhem动物园。 行为 也已经对两组辫子猕猴进行了观察 位于新伊比利亚灵长类中心的小型围栏 路易斯安那州。 这些数据将与已经收集的数据进行比较 同一物种的组饲养在Yerkes的较大化合物中 中心。 观察结果也已经完成了其中一个Yerkes 小组被转移到更大的化合物中以记录 行为改变。 关于短期影响的首次研究 我们发现的45个黑猩猩样本中的密度增加了 在高密度条件下，社会行为减少了， 而压力的行为指标增加。 另一个出版 文章涉及对行为指标的经验检验 黑猩猩的压力和焦虑。 黑猩猩的视频图像， 辫子和猕猴在往年收集和分类 已经组装成录像带，以支持行为 手动的。 录像带和行为手册将是资源 协助其他人解释计算机数据库。