ONTOGENY & FUNCTION OF PRIMATE VOCAL SIGNATURES

个体发育

• 批准号: 6277502
• 负责人: HAROLD T. GOUZOULES
• 金额: $ 3.54万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-05-01 至 1999-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6277502
• 关键词: Mammalia; Primates; communication behavior; psychology

A major goal of animal vocal communication studies has been to discover the referents of signals. Such information is critical to an understanding of the function and evolution of communication systems in different species and is also important to advancing knowledge about nonhuman primate cognitive and conceptual abilities. Studies have indicated signals can represent objects and events in the external world (i.e., have the property of external reference) such findings raise the possibility that animal communication might share the denotative context independence of human language symbols. A complicating issue in efforts to categorize the primate world reflected in communication is that researchers have approached the problem as though the animals classify items with a logic system in which there are only two truth values, 1 or 0 (true and false). Although studies have established associations between different vocalizations and referents using this simple dichotomy, it is likely that such bivalent logic is not the actual basis for the categorization of many things communicated about by monkeys. We examined rhesus macaque scream vocalizations provoked by higher-ranking aggressors in two contexts encounters in which the rank-difference between opponents was either great (LRD = large rank difference) or small (SRD = small rank difference). These vocalizations play an important role in eliciting support from the caller's allies in the group (usually matrilineal kin). 'Noisy' screams, for example, are most likely to be given during encounters against higher-ranking opponents that involved contact aggression, and 'tonal' or 'undulated' screams are most likely for non-contact aggression from such opponents. It was predicted that scream bouts directed to SRD opponents would be more likely to comprise calls from scream classes other than the expected type, and that scream bouts from LRD encounters would be more in accord with the expected class. Results s upport this prediction and suggest that a multi-valued or fuzzy logic system, one with more than two truth values, might provide a more realistic way to conceptualize the categorization of certain referents of monkey vocalizations. Better understanding of the ways in which nonhuman primates categorize their worlds will enable more comprehensive and complete studies of vocal and behavioral development.

动物声传达研究的主要目标是 发现信号的指南。 这样的信息对 了解通信系统的功能和演变 在不同的物种中，对于促进知识也很重要 关于非人类灵长类动物的认知和概念能力。 研究 已经指出信号可以表示对象和事件 外部世界（即具有外部参考的特性） 调查结果增加了动物交流可能分享的可能性 人类语言符号的指示背景独立性。 一个 在努力分类灵长类世界的努力中使问题复杂化 反映在交流中的是研究人员已经接触了 问题好像动物将物品与逻辑系统分类为 其中只有两个真实价值，即1或0（true和false）。 尽管研究已经建立了不同的关联 发声和引用者使用这种简单的二分法，很可能 这种二价逻辑不是 猴子传达的许多事物的分类。 我们 检查了猕猴的尖叫声发声 在两种情况下，较高级别的侵略者遇到 对手之间的排名要么很棒（LRD =大级别 差异）或小（SRD =小等级差）。 这些 发声在引起支持的支持中起着重要作用 呼叫者在小组中的盟友（通常是母系亲属）。 '嘈杂' 例如，尖叫最有可能在遭遇期间发出 反对涉及接触侵略的高级对手，以及 “音调”或“起伏”的尖叫最有可能是非接触的 这种对手的侵略。 据预测，尖叫 针对SRD对手的人更有可能由 除预期类型以外的尖叫类 从LRD相遇将与预期类更一致。 结果提出了这一预测，并表明了多价值或 模糊的逻辑系统，一个具有两个以上真实价值的逻辑系统，可能会提供 一种更现实的方式来概念化某些分类 猴子发声的指南。 更好地理解方式 其中非人类灵长类动物对自己的世界进行分类将启用更多 全面而完整的人声和行为研究 发展。