OpenGHG: A community platform for greenhouse gas data science

OpenGHG：温室气体数据科学社区平台

• 批准号: NE/V002821/1
• 负责人: Peter Levy
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: UK CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FV002821%2F1
• 关键词: OpenGHG; community; platform; greenhouse; gas

With numerous governments, cities, and organisations declaring climate emergencies and net-zero emissions targets, greenhouse gases (GHGs) are now the focus of international geopolitics and UK domestic policies. Furthermore, with the recent identification of violations of the Montreal Protocol, ozone depleting substances (ODS), are receiving renewed attention. It is therefore critically important to be able to analyse GHG and ODS emissions trends, examine spatial patterns, estimate future trajectories, and explore mitigation options in an open, transparent and publicly accessible way. Our proposed project will enable this, using state-of-the-art computing technology to create a platform, "OpenGHG".The estimation of GHG and ODS emissions requires close collaboration between a diverse group of scientists and stakeholders: "bottom-up" methods rely on statistical information collected by governments and industries, combined with scientific studies of the emissions intensity of particular activities, or the development of computer models that describe how human or natural processes produce or absorb GHGs. Complementary "top-down" techniques rely on instruments developed by spectroscopists and analytical chemists, the data from which are analysed along with outputs from meteorological models using advanced statistical methods. The data that is being generated by these diverse research and stakeholder communities is growing rapidly. However, the development of computational tools to help researchers aggregate data from such a wide range of sources and carry out and share analyses has not kept pace. Furthermore, given the sensitive nature of, for example, the inference of national GHG or ODS emissions, these communities must urgently take steps to make their analyses more transparent and reproducible.OpenGHG meets these needs, by providing an open, cloud-based, platform for researchers to share data and analysis methods and publish workflows. Furthermore, we have co-designed with our stakeholders, a range of tools that will facilitate the sharing of research outputs with governments, private companies and the public. The OpenGHG platform will:- Continuously incorporate and standardise up to date GHG and ODS measurements, bottom-up emission estimates, and a range of ancillary information related to GHG and ODS emissions. This data will be pulled automatically, or on demand, from a range of public archives, or pushed to the platform by data providers seeking to analyse or share their own data - Provide a wide range of analysis options, including the ability to design, publish and share custom workflows- Allow production of new top-down and bottom-up emissions estimates by accessing pre-existing and newly developed models and methods incorporated into the platform- Provide users with lower levels of computational expertise an easy-to-use interface for the most useful data analysis and visualisation. This will include comparisons of top-down and bottom-up estimates of emissions from different sectors of the economy, and potential future warming from different emissions scenarios.

由于众多政府，城市和组织宣布气候紧急情况和净零排放目标，温室气体（GHG）现在是国际地缘政治和英国国内政策的重点。此外，随着最近违反蒙特利尔方案的侵犯，臭氧耗尽物质（OD）正在引起人们的注意。因此，能够分析温室气体和OD的排放趋势，检查空间模式，估计未来的轨迹并以公开，透明和公开易于访问的方式探索缓解选择非常重要。我们提出的项目将使用最先进的计算技术来创建一个平台“ OpenGHG”。对温室气体和ODS排放的估计需要多样化的科学家和利益相关者之间的密切合作：“自下而上”。方法依赖于政府和行业收集的统计信息，再加上特定活动的排放强度的科学研究，或者开发了描述人类或自然过程如何产生或吸收温室气体的计算机模型。互补的“自上而下”技术依赖于光谱学家和分析化学家开发的工具，这些仪器使用先进的统计方法分析了数据以及来自气象模型的输出。这些多样化的研究和利益相关者社区正在生成的数据正在迅速增长。但是，开发计算工具以帮助研究人员从如此广泛的来源汇总数据并进行分析并没有保持步伐。此外，考虑到例如国家温室气体或ODs排放的推断的敏感性，这些社区必须紧急采取措施使其分析更加透明和可重复。研究人员共享数据和分析方法并发布工作流程。此外，我们还与利益相关者共同设计，这些工具将有助于与政府，私人公司和公众共享研究产出。 OpenGHG平台将： - 连续合并并标准化最新的温室气体和OD测量，自下而上的排放估算以及与温室气体和ODs排放有关的一系列辅助信息。这些数据将自动或按需从一系列公共档案馆中自动提取，或者被寻求分析或共享自己数据的数据提供商推到平台上 - 提供广泛的分析选项，包括设计，发布，发布的能力并共享自定义工作流程 - 允许通过访问已有的现有且新开发的模型以及包含在平台中的新开发的模型和方法来生产新的自上而下和自下而上的排放估算 - 为用户提供较低级别的计算专业知识，易于使用的界面易于使用的界面最有用的数据分析和可视化。这将包括对自上而下和自下而上的估计的比较，以及来自经济不同部门的排放，以及不同排放场景的未来变暖。

项目成果

Quantifying methane emissions from fossil fuel sources using a Bayesian inverse model and observations of ethane with an uncertain emissions ratio

使用贝叶斯逆模型量化化石燃料来源的甲烷排放量以及对具有不确定排放比的乙烷的观测

• DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8869
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Ramsden A

Challenges in scaling up greenhouse gas fluxes: experience from the UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Feedbacks Programme

扩大温室气体通量的挑战：英国温室气体排放和反馈计划的经验

• DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10509113.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Levy P

Supplementary material to "Quantifying fossil fuel methane emissions using observations of atmospheric ethane and an uncertain emission ratio"

补充材料

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2021-734-supplement
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Ramsden A

Atmospheric oxygen as a tracer for fossil fuel carbon dioxide: a sensitivity study in the UK

大气中的氧气作为化石燃料二氧化碳的示踪剂：英国的一项敏感性研究

• DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-2023-385
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Chawner H

Quantifying fossil fuel methane emissions using observations of atmospheric ethane and an uncertain emission ratio

使用大气乙烷观测和不确定的排放比来量化化石燃料甲烷排放

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2021-734
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Ramsden A