Monitor for AeRosols and GAses - Fluxes of Inorganic and Organic compounds (MARGA-FIO)

气溶胶和气体监测仪 - 无机和有机化合物通量 (MARGA-FIO)

• 批准号: NE/T008733/1
• 负责人: Eiko Nemitz
• 金额: $ 30.71万
• 依托单位: UK CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FT008733%2F1
• 关键词: Monitor; AeRosols; GAses; Fluxes; Inorganic

Quantifying reactive gas and aerosol fluxes is vital to improve fundamental understanding of the Earth-System under multiple biogeochemical changes. To establish the next generation of models, it is necessary that we understand the interactions between chemical species. Emerging technology now provides the means to achieve this by building the first MARGA-FIO system. MARGA-FIO stands for "Monitor for AeRosols and GAses - Fluxes of Inorganic and Organic compounds". This new facility will integrate a two-channel two-column on-line ion chromatography system built around a recently launched instrument (2060 MARGA). The facility will be globally unique in incorporating two sampling channels and two environmental enclosures, to sample at two different heights, allowing flux determination of water soluble inorganic and organic atmospheric constituents.In flux-mode, MARGA-FIO will provide high resolution (hourly) concentration profiles so that the emission into the atmosphere or deposition to the surface can be measured. The trace gases measured cover ammonia (NH3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous acid (HONO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and the aerosol species ammonium (NH4+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl-), nitrate (NO3-) and sulphate (SO42-). The instrument will also have the capability to quantify fluxes of amines and organic acids (e.g. dicarboxylic acids), which will be a world first.In PM-mode, MARGA-FIO will measure online PM chemical composition at different size cut-offs (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10), in addition to the gas phase. This capability is unique as MARGA-FIO could chemically resolve >80% of the atmosphere-ecosystem exchange of PM and trace gases. Three examples of unique applications of the MARGA-FIO are:i) High resolution emission and deposition rates or "fluxes" of NH3 and HNO3, NH4+, NO3-, amines. This is important because nitrogen (N) pollution originating from agriculture (NH3) and transport/industry (nitrogen dioxide, NO2, HNO3) leads to complex atmospheric pollution impacting human health and damaging natural ecosystems. A low detection limit of MARGA-FIO will enable the study of pollutant deposition to our protected ecosystems. By measuring a range of key N compounds, the instrument will provide a holistic picture of the atmospheric impact of agriculture, transport and industry and detect where measures aimed at reducing the emission of one compound interacts with another (pollutant-swapping or co-benefits). ii) Fluxes of HCl and Cl : In recent studies of the NERC Air Pollution and Human Health research programmes in China and India, it became apparent that there is a gap in flux measurement capability for halogen species, particularly HCl and Cl- , both by UK and international research groups. High concentrations of chloride pollution are observed in Beijing and Delhi, which are associated to waste combustion processes. However, the sources and atmospheric pathways are poorly understood. MARGA-FIO would be the first instrument in the UK atmospheric research community which can quantify the fluxes of these important pollutants. It can also resolve concentration and fluxes of base cation (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium) which form part of the dust that troubles ODA countries (e.g. India, East Africa). iii) Organic pollutant fluxes: One of missing components in our understanding of the atmosphere is the rate of emission and deposition of organic PM constituents and gases, such as dicarboxylic acids. MARGA-FIO would offer a global step-change in quantitative measurement of previously un-measured processes at the surface-atmosphere interface. The data would complement existing capability with on-line Aerosol Mass Spectrometry available in the UK community, delivering much needed concentrations and emission rates / deposition velocities for constraining air quality and climate models.

量化反应性气体和气溶胶通量对于在多个生物地球化学变化下提高对地球系统的基本理解至关重要。为了建立下一代模型，我们有必要了解化学物种之间的相互作用。现在，新兴技术提供了通过构建第一个Marga-Fio系统来实现这一目标的方法。 Marga -Fio代表“监测气溶胶和气体 - 无机和有机化合物的通量”。这个新设施将整合一个两柱两柱在线离子色谱系统围绕最近发射的仪器（2060 Marga）建立的。该设施将在整合两个采样通道和两个环境外壳方面具有独特性，以在两个不同的高度下进行采样，从而可以确定水溶性无机和有机大气组成部分的通量。在磁通模式中，Marga-Fio将提供高分辨率（小时）的浓度，以便使大气或降低表面降低。 The trace gases measured cover ammonia (NH3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous acid (HONO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and the aerosol species ammonium (NH4+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride （Cl-），硝酸盐（NO3-）和硫酸盐（SO42-）。该仪器还具有量化胺和有机酸的通量（例如二羧酸）的能力，这将是世界上的第一个世界。在PM模式中，Marga-Fio将在不同尺寸的截止量（PM1，PM2.5和PM10）上测量在线PM化学成分，此外是气相。这种能力是独一无二的，因为Marga-Fio可以化学解决> 80％的大气生态系统交换PM和痕量气体的交换。 Marga-Fio独特应用的三个示例是：i）高分辨率发射率和沉积速率或NH3和HNO3，NH4+，NO3-，胺的“通量”。这很重要，因为源自农业（NH3）和运输/工业（二氧化氮，NO2，HNO3）的氮（N）污染会导致复杂的大气污染，从而影响人类健康和破坏自然生态系统。 Marga-Fio的低检测极限将使我们受保护的生态系统对污染物沉积进行研究。通过测量一系列关键N化合物，该仪器将为农业，运输和工业的大气影响提供整体图片，并检测旨在减少一种化合物排放的措施与另一种化合物的排放相互作用（污染物 - 污染物或共同利益）。 ii）HCL和CL的通量：在中国和印度的NERC空气污染和人类健康研究计划的最新研究中，很明显，在英国和国际研究小组中，卤素物种（尤其是HCL和CL-）的通量测量能力存在差距。在北京和德里观察到高浓度的氯化物污染，这与废物燃烧过程有关。但是，来源和大气途径知之甚少。 Marga-Fio将是英国大气研究社区中的第一个工具，可以量化这些重要污染物的通量。它还可以解决碱阳离子（钠，钾，镁，钙）的浓度和通量，这些粉尘构成了困扰ODA国家的尘埃的一部分（例如印度，东非）。 iii）有机污染物通量：我们对大气的理解中缺失的成分之一是有机PM成分和气体的发射率和沉积速率，例如二羧酸。 Marga-Fio将在表面 - 大气界面的先前未测量过程的定量测量中提供全球阶梯变化。这些数据将通过英国社区提供的在线气溶胶质谱法补充现有能力，从而为约束空气质量和气候模型提供了急需的浓度和排放速率 /沉积速度。