Modelling the acceleration, transport and loss of radiation belt electrons to protect satellites from space weather (Rad-Sat)

对辐射带电子的加速、传输和损失进行建模，以保护卫星免受空间天气的影响 (Rad-Sat)

基本信息

批准号：
NE/P017274/2
负责人：
Clare Emily Jane Watt
金额：
$ 11.02万
依托单位：
Northumbria University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP017274%2F2
关键词：
Modelling acceleration transport loss radiation

项目摘要

Over the last 10 years the number of operational satellites in orbit has grown from 450 to more than 1300. We rely on these satellites more than ever before for a wide range of applications such as mobile phones, TV signals, internet, navigation and financial services. All these satellites must be designed to withstand the harsh radiation environment in space for a design life that can be as long as 15 years or more. Space weather events can increase electron radiation levels by five orders of magnitude in the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts causing satellite charging, disruption to satellite operations and sometimes satellite loss. For example, in 2003 it was estimated that at least 10% of all operational satellites suffered anomalies (malfunctions [1]) during a large space weather event known as the Halloween storm. It is therefore important to understand how and why radiation levels vary so much so that engineers and business can assess impact and develop mitigation measures. New results from the NASA Van Allen Probes and THEMIS satellite missions show that wave-particle interactions play the major role in the acceleration, transport and loss of high energy electrons and hence the variability of the radiation belts. This proposal brings together scientists from across the UK with stakeholders from the insurance and satellite services sector. We will process data from scientific satellites such as Van Allen Probes and THEMIS to obtain information on four very important type of waves known as magnetosonic waves, and radio-waves known as plasmaspheric hiss, lightning generated whistlers and transmitter waves. We will use data, theory and models to determine the properties of the waves and how they vary during space weather events. We will conduct studies to assess the acceleration, transport and loss of electrons due to each wave type using quasi-linear theory. We will use simulations to test whether nonlinear effects result in more particle acceleration and loss compared to quasi-linear theory. We will analyse compressional magnetosonic waves in the ultra-low frequency range and determine their effectiveness for transporting electrons across the magnetic field, and whether the transport is diffusive or not. We will incorporate the results of these studies into our state-of-the-art global radiation belt model to simulate known space weather events, and compare the results against data to highlight the importance of the waves and improve the model. We will also include local time effects and compare loss rates against data from the ground and other satellites to constrain the model. We will simulate extreme space weather events using our existing radiation belt model, and an MHD model so that we can assess the role of waves in the rapid formation of a radiation belt such as occurred in 1991 in less than 2 minutes. We will develop a stakeholder community consisting of space insurance, satellite operators and forecasters who will provide input to our research and who will use the results for risk assessment, anomaly resolution and operational planning. The project will deliver new processed data, a better forecasting capability and expertise that will support the UK Government assessment of severe space weather for the National Risk Register [2] and the growth of the satellite industry.1. Cannon, P, S., et al. (2013), Extreme Space Weather: Impacts on Engineered Systems and Infrastructure, Royal Academy of Engineering, London, SW1A 2WH.2. Cabinet Office, (2012), National risk register of civil emergencies, Whitehall, London SW1A 2WH, www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk.

在过去的十年中，轨道上的运营卫星数量已从450多个超过1300种。我们比以往任何时候都更依赖这些卫星，例如移动电话，电视信号，互联网，导航和金融服务等广泛的应用。所有这些卫星必须设计以承受太空中苛刻的辐射环境的设计，可以长达15年或更长时间。太空天气事件可以将电子辐射水平提高到地球的范艾伦辐射带中的五个数量级，从而导致卫星充电，破坏卫星操作，有时甚至是卫星损失。例如，在2003年，据估计，在大型太空天气事件中，所有操作卫星中至少有10％遭受异常（故障[1]）。因此，重要的是要了解辐射水平如何以及为什么变化如此之大，以便工程师和企业可以评估和制定缓解措施。 NASA VAN ALLEN探针和Themis卫星任务的新结果表明，波粒相互作用在高能电子的加速，运输和损失中起主要作用，因此辐射带的可变性。该提案将来自英国各地的科学家与保险和卫星服务部门的利益相关者汇集在一起。我们将从科学卫星（例如Van Allen探针和Themis）中处理数据，以获取四种非常重要的波浪类型的磁波波和称为等离子体嘶嘶声的无线电波，闪电产生的吹口哨和发射器波。我们将使用数据，理论和模型来确定波浪的特性以及它们在太空天气事件中的变化。我们将使用准线性理论进行研究，以评估每种波类型引起的电子的加速和运输和损失。我们将使用仿真来测试与准线性理论相比，非线性效应是否导致更多的粒子加速度和损失。我们将在超低频率范围内分析压缩磁波，并确定它们在磁场上传输电子的有效性，以及传输是否扩散。我们将将这些研究的结果纳入我们的最先进的全球辐射带模型，以模拟已知的空间天气事件，并将结果与数据进行比较，以强调波浪的重要性并改善模型。我们还将包括局部时间效应，并将损失率与地面数据和其他卫星的数据进行比较，以限制模型。我们将使用现有的辐射带模型和MHD模型模拟极端空间天气事件，以便我们可以评估波浪在不到2分钟内发生在1991年发生的辐射带快速形成中的作用。我们将开发一个由太空保险，卫星运营商和预报员组成的利益相关者社区，他们将为我们的研究提供意见，并将其结果用于风险评估，分辨率和运营计划。该项目将提供新的处理数据，更好的预测能力和专业知识，该数据将支持英国政府对国家风险登记册的严重太空天气的评估[2]和卫星行业的增长。1。 Cannon，P，S。等。（2013年），极端空间天气：对工程系统和基础设施的影响，皇家工程学院，伦敦，SW1A 2WH.2。内阁办公室（2012年），国家民用紧急情况登记册，怀特霍尔，伦敦SW1A 2WH，www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk。