The Global Methane Budget

全球甲烷预算

基本信息

批准号：
NE/N015746/1
负责人：
Garry Hayman
金额：
$ 53.08万
依托单位：
NERC CEH (Up to 30.11.2019)
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN015746%2F1
关键词：
Global Methane Budget

项目摘要

Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas contributing to human-induced global warming. Atmospheric methane concentrations have increased sharply since 2007, for reasons that are not fully understood, resulting in ever-increasing uncertainty for future climate projections. The overall increase since 2007 is comparable to the largest growth events over the past 1000 years. The recent rises have occurred in the tropics and southern hemisphere, with the sharpest year-on-year increase thus far occurring in 2014. Strong growth continues in 2015. Carbon isotopic evidence suggests that the increase is due to sources that are predominantly biogenic in origin, with changes in the anthropogenic sources from fossil carbon and burning (e.g., natural gas leakage, fracking and so on) playing a minor role. This, taken with the tropical locus on growth, suggests that the increase has primarily been driven by meteorological change (e.g., temperature, rainfall). Moreover, the global methane budget is not well described. "Bottom-up" estimates, made by aggregating inventories of emissions (e.g. from gas leaks, fires, landfills, cows, etc) or from process models (e.g., wetlands) balanced with known loss processes, are significantly different from '"top-down" budgets assessed by direct measurement of methane in the atmosphere. Why this discrepancy occurs is not understood.The project has four components:1. Better Observations are needed to derive estimates of emissions. The project will support a UK observation network for methane and its isotopes. Continuous stations will be at Kjolnes (Norway), Weybourne, Jersey, NERC ship RRS JC Ross, Cape Verde, Ascension, Falklands, Halley Bay, Hong Kong, with partner stations in Canada, Spitsbergen, Bolivia, S. Africa, India, Rwanda and Malaysia. Flask or bag sampling (for methane, 13C and D/H isotopes) will also be undertaken at these stations and at a number of continental stations in S. America, Africa and S, SE and E Asia, with offline analysis in the UK. A D/H measurement facility will be set up. The UK FAAM aircraft will carry out flights across the Atlantic tropics, from Azores to Cape Verde to Ascension.2. Process Studies will address the largest information gaps in the global budget. Tropical emission fluxes and isotopic signatures are not well constrained. Field campaigns will be undertaken in tropical wetlands in Amazonia, Africa, India and SE Asia, and C4 savanna biomass burn regions. Poorly understood anthropogenic sources will be studied in Kuwait and S, SE and E Asia. Characteristic isotopic signatures of regional emissions will be determined, to support global and regional modelling. Land surface modelling and satellite studies will study emissions and responses to change in temperature and precipitation. Major sink processes will be investigated in the tropical atmosphere, with vertically and latitudinally resolved OH and Cl budget studies by the FAAM aircraft, and quantification of tropical uptake by soils.3. Atmospheric modelling will be used to derive regional and global fluxes, apportioned by source type and geography using integrated in situ and remote sensing observing systems. We will carry out regional trajectory studies using models like NAME to assess regional emissions. Global modelling using 3D models will test synthetic estimates of the methane mole fraction and isotopic record. Global inverse modelling for mole fraction, 13C and D/H will be used to estimate fluxes by geographic source and source type, including a comprehensive assessment of the uncertainties that remain once all available observations have been used.4. Integrative studies will use the results from the project to test top-down and bottom-up emission estimates, and evaluate the responses of the global methane budget to projections of climate change.The project will deliver a state of the art UK greenhouse gas monitoring network and reduced uncertainty of the global methane budget.

甲烷是促成人类引起的全球变暖的第二重要温室气体。自2007年以来，大气中的甲烷浓度急剧增加，原因尚未完全理解，从而导致未来气候预测的不确定性越来越不确定性。自2007年以来的总体增长与过去1000年中最大的增长事件相当。 The recent rises have occurred in the tropics and southern hemisphere, with the sharpest year-on-year increase thus far occurring in 2014. Strong growth continues in 2015. Carbon isotopic evidence suggests that the increase is due to sources that are predominantly biogenic in origin, with changes in the anthropogenic sources from fossil carbon and burning (e.g., natural gas leakage, fracking and so on) playing a minor role.这是由热带基因座的生长所采用的，这表明增加主要是由气象变化驱动的（例如温度，降雨）。此外，全球甲烷预算尚未得到很好的描述。 “自下而上”的估计值是通过汇总排放清单（例如气体泄漏，火灾，垃圾填埋场，奶牛等）或从已知损失过程平衡的过程模型（例如湿地）与“自上而下的”预算明显不同，该预算是通过甲烷直接测量甲烷的“自上而下”预算。为什么不了解这种差异的原因。该项目有四个组成部分：1。需要更好的观察以得出排放的估计。该项目将支持甲烷及其同位素的英国观察网络。连续的电台将在Kjolnes（挪威），Weybourne，泽西岛，NERC Ship RRS JC Ross，Cape Verde，Aspension，Ascension，Falklands，Halley Bay，Hong Kong，Hong Kong，与加拿大，Spitsbergen，Bolivia，Bolivia，S。Africa，S。Africa，India，Rwanda，Rwanda和Malaysia的合作伙伴站。还将在英国的离线分析中在这些车站和许多大陆车站进行烧瓶或袋采样（对于甲烷，13C和D/H同位素），在S. America，Africa和S，SE，SE和EASIA的许多大陆站进行。将建立D/H测量设施。英国FAAM飞机将在大西洋热带地区进行航班，从亚速尔群岛到佛得角到升天。2。过程研究将解决全球预算中最大的信息差距。热带发射通量和同位素特征受到良好的约束。现场运动将在亚马逊，非洲，印度和SE亚洲的热带湿地以及C4 Savanna Biomass Burn地区进行。在科威特和S，SE和E亚洲，将研究知之甚少的人为来源。将确定区域排放的特征同位素特征，以支持全球和区域建模。陆地表面建模和卫星研究将研究对温度和降水变化的排放和反应。主要的下水道过程将在热带气氛中进行研究，并通过FAAM飞机进行垂直和纬度分析的OH和CL预算研究，并通过土壤对热带摄取进行定量。3。大气建模将用于得出区域和全局通量，使用集成的原位和遥感观测系统分配给源类型和地理。我们将使用名称等模型进行区域轨迹研究来评估区域排放。使用3D模型的全局建模将测试甲烷摩尔分数和同位素记录的合成估计。摩尔分数，13c和d/h的全局反向建模将用于估计地理源和源类型的通量，包括对所有可用观察结果一旦使用的不确定性进行全面评估。4。综合研究将利用该项目的结果来测试自上而下和自下而上的排放估算，并评估全球甲烷预算对气候变化预测的反应。该项目将提供英国最先进的温室气体监测网络，并减少全球甲烷预算的不确定性。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Phenology is the dominant control of methane emissions in a tropical non-forested wetland.

DOI：
10.1038/s41467-021-27786-4
发表时间：
2022-01-10
期刊：
Nature communications
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Helfter C;Gondwe M;Murray-Hudson M;Makati A;Lunt MF;Palmer PI;Skiba U
通讯作者：
Skiba U

Regional variation in the effectiveness of methane-based and land-based climate mitigation options

DOI：
10.5194/esd-2020-24
发表时间：
2020-06
期刊：
Earth System Dynamics
影响因子：
7.3
作者：
G. Hayman;E. Comyn‐Platt;C. Huntingford;A. Harper;Tom Powell;P. Cox;William J. Collins;C. Webber;J. Lowe;S. Sitch;J. House;J. Doelman;D. V. van Vuuren;S. Chadburn;E. Burke;N. Gedney
通讯作者：
G. Hayman;E. Comyn‐Platt;C. Huntingford;A. Harper;Tom Powell;P. Cox;William J. Collins;C. Webber;J. Lowe;S. Sitch;J. House;J. Doelman;D. V. van Vuuren;S. Chadburn;E. Burke;N. Gedney

Methane flux measurements along a floodplain soil moisture gradient in the Okavango Delta, Botswana.

DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2020.0448
发表时间：
2021-11-15
期刊：
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
Gondwe MJ;Helfter C;Murray-Hudson M;Levy PE;Mosimanyana E;Makati A;Mfundisi KB;Skiba UM
通讯作者：
Skiba UM

Spatially Resolved Isotopic Source Signatures of Wetland Methane Emissions