Greenhouse gAs Uk and Global Emissions (GAUGE)

英国温室气体和全球排放量（GAUGE）

• 批准号: NE/K002465/1
• 负责人: Hartmut Boesch
• 金额: $ 45.08万
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK002465%2F1
• 关键词: Greenhouse; gAs; Uk; Global; Emissions

To minimize the risk of dangerous climate change associated with increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG), as part of ongoing international efforts, the 2008 Climate Change Act requires that the UK reduces its GHG emissions by at least 80% by 2050, compared to 1990 levels. To support such legislation, methods must be developed to reduce uncertainty on existing national GHG emissions estimates and monitor the efficacy of emissions reduction strategies. In 2010, CO2 represented about 85% of total UK GHG emissions, with the remainder largely from methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). In 2010, the main UK sources of CO2 were energy supply, road transport, business, and residential; the main sources of CH4 were agriculture and landfill with small sources from gas leakage and coal mines; and the main sources of N2O were agriculture, industrial process, and road transport. There are substantial associated uncertainties with sectoral estimates of these emissions, particularly for N2O.The main focus of Greenhouse gAs Uk and Global Emissions (GAUGE) is to quantify UK budgets of CO2, CH4, and N2O from different sectors, and to improve global GHG budgets. The UK study will focus on fossil fuels and agriculture, the two largest sources of the three GHGs. We will achieve this by combining atmospheric measurements with computer models of the atmosphere, which describe the movement of GHGs after emission. We already have a reasonable idea of where GHGs are emitted but the size of the emissions typically has a large associated error. Depending on the emission type it may also have a substantial seasonal cycle (e.g., agriculture). It is therefore important we make regular GHG measurements at different times of the year and in different places. The UK research aircraft will provide the broad-scale 3-D perspective on the inflow and outflow of UK GHG budgets, complementing information from existing tall towers. The network of tall towers measure GHGs at 100-200m above the surface to ensure that the sampled air is representative of larger areas, and the towers are intentionally sited to provide estimates of GHG emissions in the Devolved Administrations. As part of GAUGE we will add to this network with a tower in the Scottish borders that provides substantially more information about the north of England, Scotland, and the North Sea; a tower over SE England, downwind of London; and we will support existing instruments on the BT tower in central London. The SE London tower and the BT tower together will allow us to provide the first multi-year record of urban emissions from a megacity. We will use GHG isotopes to improve understanding of the fossil fuel sources. A detailed study of agricultural GHG emissions will be conducted over East Anglia, allowing us to quantify the importance of this sector in the UK GHG budget. Weekly measurements aboard a North Sea ferry will provide constraints on UK GHG fluxes by regularly sampling transects of UK outflow. Satellite observations of GHGs offer a unique global perspective, linking UK emissions to the rest of the world, and we will work with NASA to develop and apply new observations to quantify global GHG budgets on a sub-UK spatial scale. Embedded in this long-term measurement strategy will be a measurement intensive to quantify London GHG emissions, where we will use the UK research aircraft to sample profiles of upwind/downwind air, validate dedicated satellite observations, and link urban measurements with downwind in situ and tall tower measurements.In GAUGE we bring together computer models of the atmosphere, and a team of world-leading modellers, in order to relate observed variations of GHGs to estimates of the underlying emissions. Statistical approaches will be used to find emissions that best agree with the measurements, taking account of model and data uncertainties. The main outcome from GAUGE will be robust GHG emission estimates from the UK and from the world.

为了最大限度地减少与大气温室气体 (GHG) 浓度增加相关的危险气候变化风险，作为持续国际努力的一部分，2008 年《气候变化法案》要求英国到 2050 年将其温室气体排放量减少至少 80%（与1990 年水平。为了支持此类立法，必须制定方法来减少现有国家温室气体排放估算的不确定性并监测减排战略的有效性。 2010 年，二氧化碳约占英国温室气体排放总量的 85%，其余部分主要来自甲烷 (CH4) 和一氧化二氮 (N2O)。 2010年，英国二氧化碳的主要来源是能源供应、道路运输、商业和住宅； CH4的主要来源是农业和垃圾填埋场，少量来自瓦斯泄漏和煤矿； N2O的主要来源是农业、工业过程和道路运输。这些排放量的部门估计存在很大的相关不确定性，特别是 N2O。 英国温室气体和全球排放 (GAUGE) 的主要重点是量化英国不同部门的 CO2、CH4 和 N2O 预算，并改善全球温室气体排放预算。英国的研究将重点关注化石燃料和农业，这是三种温室气体的两个最大来源。我们将通过将大气测量与大气计算机模型相结合来实现这一目标，大气计算机模型描述了温室气体排放后的运动。我们已经对温室气体的排放位置有了合理的了解，但排放量通常存在很大的相关误差。根据排放类型，它也可能具有显着的季节性周期（例如农业）。因此，我们在一年中的不同时间和不同地点定期进行温​​室气体测量非常重要。英国研究飞机将提供有关英国温室气体预算流入和流出的大范围 3D 视角，补充现有高塔的信息。高塔网络在地表以上 100-200m 处测量温室气体，以确保采样的空气能够代表更大的区域，并且塔的选址有意用于提供权力下放管理部门的温室气体排放估算。作为 GAUGE 的一部分，我们将在苏格兰边境添加一座塔，提供有关英格兰北部、苏格兰和北海的更多信息；英格兰东南部伦敦下风处的一座塔；我们将支持伦敦市中心英国电信塔上的现有仪器。伦敦东南部塔和英国电信塔一起将使我们能够提供第一个大城市城市排放的多年记录。我们将使用温室气体同位素来增进对化石燃料来源的了解。将在东安格利亚进行农业温室气体排放的详细研究，使我们能够量化该部门在英国温室气体预算中的重要性。北海渡轮上的每周测量将通过定期对英国流出量的横断面进行采样来限制英国温室气体通量。温室气体卫星观测提供了独特的全球视角，将英国的排放与世界其他地区联系起来，我们将与 NASA 合作开发和应用新的观测结果，以量化英国以下空间尺度的全球温室气体预算。这一长期测量战略将包含量化伦敦温室气体排放的密集测量，我们将使用英国研究飞机对逆风/顺风空气剖面进行采样，验证专用卫星观测结果，并将城市测量与顺风现场和高塔测量。在 GAUGE 中，我们汇集了大气计算机模型和世界领先的建模团队，以便将观测到的温室气体变化与潜在排放量的估计联系起来。考虑到模型和数据的不确定性，统计方法将用于找到最符合测量结果的排放量。 GAUGE 的主要成果将是对英国和世界各地温室气体排放量的可靠估计。

项目成果

Assessing 5 years of GOSAT Proxy XCH4 data and associated uncertainties

评估 GOSAT Proxy XCH 的 5 年

• DOI: http://dx.10.5194/amt-8-4785-2015
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Parker R

A measurement-based verification framework for UK greenhouse gas emissions: an overview of the Greenhouse gAs Uk and Global Emissions (GAUGE) project

英国温室气体排放基于测量的验证框架：英国温室气体和全球排放 (GAUGE) 项目概述

• DOI: http://dx.10.5194/acp-18-11753-2018
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Palmer P

Global height-resolved methane retrievals from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on MetOp

通过 MetOp 上的红外大气探测干涉仪 (IASI) 进行全球高度分辨甲烷反演

• DOI: http://dx.10.5194/amt-2016-290
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Siddans R

A measurement-based verification framework for UK greenhouse gas emissions: an overview of the Greenhouse gAs Uk and Global Emissions (GAUGE) project

英国温室气体排放基于测量的验证框架：英国温室气体和全球排放 (GAUGE) 项目概述

• DOI: http://dx.10.5194/acp-2018-135
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Palmer P

Consistent regional fluxes of CH4 and CO2 inferred from GOSAT proxy XCH4 : XCO2 retrievals, 2010-2014

CH 区域通量一致

• DOI: http://dx.10.5194/acp-17-4781-2017
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Feng L