SOUND SOURCE LOCALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION BY A MODEL AUDITORY SYSTEM

通过模型听觉系统进行声源定位和识别

基本信息

批准号：
6238152
负责人：
RICHARD R FAY
金额：
$ 17.81万
依托单位：
LOYOLA UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1997-04-01 至 1998-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This project aims to determine how a simple vertebrate auditory system (Carassius auratus) identifies and locates sound sources. We focus on the perception of sound sources rather than on the processing of sounds per se. We hypothesize that vertebrates share essential hearing functions to determine sound sources so as to behave appropriately in relation to them. Perceiving one source among many requires that the frequency components of the source be grouped for common processing. Identifying a sound source requires information about the individual components belonging to the source. Thus, listening is both synthetic and analytic. This is the essential problem for hearing in general, and it seems likely that all vertebrate auditory systems function, to some degree, to both group and analyze the components of complex sounds. Goldfish hearing shares characteristics with all vertebrates investigated. At the same time, fishes represent an extreme position among vertebrates with respect to inner ear structure and are thus an "anchor point", so that our conclusions will help define the important dimensions of variation and similarity among vertebrates. This work will help establish a biological context among vertebrates within which human hearing can be more completely understood. Complementary behavioral and neurophysiological studies will help identify the neural codes and mechanisms underlying these fundamental aspects of hearing. We will use classical conditioning in a stimulus generalization paradigm with rippled noise and sine tone complexes as stimuli. To study synthetic listening, animals will be conditioned to respond to a complex sound producing perceptions of pitch in humans, and then tested for generalization to various pure tones, including that equal to the pitch of the complex, and others making up the complex sound's spectrum. Analytic listening will be studied similarly by asking whether individual components making up a complex are perceived independently. We will also determine how the pitch and other features of complex sounds are represented among cells of the midbrain and medulla, and the extent to which cells are selective for the pitch of the complex as well as for its individual frequency components. These studies will help identify the fundamental mechanisms underlying pitch perception and synthetic listening in a simply organized vertebrate auditory system. In studies on sound source location, we will measure the ability to detect and segregate components from two spatially-separated, simultaneous sources using a unique stimulator system capable of controlling the axis of particle motion as well as the pressure waveform. Complementary neurophysiological experiments at the levels of the midbrain and medulla will determine the fat of peripherally coded directional information and some of the fundamental mechanisms by which sound source location is represented in the brain.

该项目旨在确定简单的脊椎动物听觉系统如何（Carassius auratus）识别并定位声源。我们专注于对声源的感知而不是对声音的处理本身。我们假设脊椎动物拥有共同的基本听力确定声源的功能，以便在与他们的关系。感知众多来源中的一个需要源的频率分量被分组以进行公共处理。识别声源需要有关个人的信息属于源的组件。因此，听力既是综合的和分析。这是一般听力的基本问题，并且对某些人来说，似乎所有脊椎动物的听觉系统都有功能程度，对复杂声音的组成部分进行分组和分析。金鱼的听力与所有脊椎动物都有共同的特征调查了。同时，鱼代表了一种极端的立场就内耳结构而言，它是脊椎动物中的一个，因此是 “锚点”，这样我们的结论将有助于定义重要的脊椎动物之间变异和相似性的维度。这项工作将帮助在脊椎动物之间建立一个生物环境，在该环境中人类听觉可以更全面地理解。互补的行为和神经生理学研究将有助于识别神经编码和听力这些基本方面的机制。我们将使用带有波纹的刺激泛化范式中的经典条件反射噪声和正弦音复合体作为刺激。为了学习合成听力，动物将习惯于对产生的复杂声音做出反应人类对音调的感知，然后进行泛化测试各种纯音，包括等于复合音调的纯音，以及其他组成了复杂声音的频谱。分析性听力通过询问各个组成部分是否组成来进行类似的研究一个复合体被独立地感知。我们还将确定如何复杂声音的音调和其他特征在细胞之间表示中脑和髓质的结构，以及细胞选择性的程度对于复合体的音高以及其单独的频率成分。这些研究将有助于确定基本机制简单组织的基本音高感知和综合聆听脊椎动物的听觉系统。在声源定位研究中，我们将测量检测和分离两个组件的能力使用独特的刺激器实现空间分离的同步源能够控制粒子运动轴以及压力波形。补充神经生理学实验中脑和髓质的水平将决定外周脂肪编码方向信息和一些基本机制大脑中代表了哪个声源位置。