MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE INNER EAR

内耳的形态和生理学

• 批准号: 2124648
• 负责人: EDWIN R LEWIS
• 金额: $ 19.73万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1978
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1978-06-01 至 1995-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2124648
• 关键词: Anura; Rana; action potentials; afferent nerve; alternatives to animals in research; auditory discrimination; auditory feedback; auditory stimulus; biological signal transduction; biosensor device; body temperature; ear hair cell; electrophysiology; gerbil /jird; hearing; light microscopy; microelectrodes; neural information processing; neural transmission; neuroanatomy; scanning electron microscopy; sound frequency; stimulus /response; vestibular apparatus; vestibular pathway

The long-range goal of this project is to contribute to the understanding of the physical bases of signal processing in the vertebrate ear. During the proposed project period, the work will address three questions: (1) How is high-dynamic order achieved in the tuning structures of lower vertebrates? (2) Is high-dynamic order a universal property of acoustic tuning structures and low-dynamic order a universal property of equilibrium tuning structures? (3) What other linear and nonlinear signal-processing properties distinguish acoustic and equilibrium sensors? Answers to these questions should provide deeper understandings of the sense of hearing and the equilibrium senses, which in turn should provide integrative perspectives for the studies of micromechanical and molecular devices involved in hearing and equilibrium sensing. Question (1) win be addressed with a combined experimental and modeling study aimed at one of the most thoroughly studied hair-cell systems-- the sacculus of the American bullfrog. Questions (2) and (3) will be addressed with an intensive comparative physiological study of afferent neurons of four nonhomologous acoustic sensors (frog lagena, sacculus, amphibian papilla, and gerbil cochlea) and two equilibrium sensors (frog lagena and utricle). The study will focus on the following issues: (a) linear tuning dynamics; is the dynamic order high or low; does the temperature dependence imply involvement of molecular kinetics (b) adaptation; is it linear (e.g., akin to differentiation) or nonlinear (e.g., akin to automatic gain control); what does it imply about underlying mechanisms? (c) response to heartbeat: is the sensor so sensitive that it responds to the animal's own blood flow? (d) suppression: does the sensor exhibit single-tone or two-tone suppression, (e) temporal resolution: does the sensor respond to subtle temporal events; does its temporal resolution improve with increased ambient noise level? Hypotheses to be tested: High dynamic order, nonlinear adaptation, responsiveness to heartbeat, suppression, responsiveness to subtle temporal events, and improvement of temporal resolution with increasing noise level all are features of acoustic sensors not shared by equilibrium sensors; when, in the course of evolution, a sensor or pan of a sensor has shifted from equilibrium sense to acoustic sense, or vice versa the shift must have involved the addition or removal of a large array of such features.

该项目的远程目标是为理解做出贡献 脊椎动物耳朵中信号处理的物理基础。 期间 拟议的项目期间，工作将解决三个问题：（1）如何 是在较低的调整结构中实现的高动力顺序 脊椎动物？ （2）是高动力秩序的声学的通用特性 调谐结构和低动力秩序平衡的通用特性 调整结构？ （3）其他线性和非线性信号处理 属性区分声学和平衡传感器？ 这些答案 问题应提供对听觉和听觉的更深入的理解 平衡感，反过来应提供综合性 研究微力和分子设备的观点 参与听力和平衡感应。 问题（1）获胜 通过一项联合实验和建模研究，针对最大的一个 彻底研究的发型系统 - 美国人的囊 牛蛙。 问题（2）和（3）将通过密集地解决 四个非同学传入神经元的比较生理研究 声学传感器（青蛙拉格纳，囊，两栖动物乳头和沙鼠 耳蜗）和两个平衡传感器（青蛙Lagena和Utricle）。 研究 将重点介绍以下问题：（a）线性调整动力学；是 动态顺序高或低；温度依赖性是否暗示 分子动力学的参与（b）适应；是线性的吗（例如， 分化）或非线性（例如，类似于自动增益控制）； 它暗示着基本机制？ （c）对心跳的反应： 传感器是否如此敏感以至于对动物自身的血液反应反应？ （d）抑制：传感器表现出单色调还是两色调 抑制，（e）时间分辨率：传感器对微妙的响应吗 时间事件；它的时间分辨率会随着增加而改善吗 环境噪声水平？ 要测试的假设：高动态顺序， 非线性适应，对心跳的反应，抑制， 对微妙的时间事件的响应和时间的改善 噪声水平提高的分辨率都是声传感器的特征 不通过平衡传感器共享； 在进化过程中 传感器的传感器或锅已从平衡感转移到声学 感觉，反之亦然，轮班必须涉及加法或去除 一系列此类功能。