MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE INNER EAR

内耳的形态和生理学

• 批准号: 2124648
• 负责人: EDWIN R LEWIS
• 金额: $ 19.73万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1978
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1978-06-01 至 1995-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2124648
• 关键词: Anura; Rana; action potentials; afferent nerve; alternatives to animals in research; auditory discrimination; auditory feedback; auditory stimulus; biological signal transduction; biosensor device; body temperature; ear hair cell; electrophysiology; gerbil /jird; hearing; light microscopy; microelectrodes; neural information processing; neural transmission; neuroanatomy; scanning electron microscopy; sound frequency; stimulus /response; vestibular apparatus; vestibular pathway

The long-range goal of this project is to contribute to the understanding of the physical bases of signal processing in the vertebrate ear. During the proposed project period, the work will address three questions: (1) How is high-dynamic order achieved in the tuning structures of lower vertebrates? (2) Is high-dynamic order a universal property of acoustic tuning structures and low-dynamic order a universal property of equilibrium tuning structures? (3) What other linear and nonlinear signal-processing properties distinguish acoustic and equilibrium sensors? Answers to these questions should provide deeper understandings of the sense of hearing and the equilibrium senses, which in turn should provide integrative perspectives for the studies of micromechanical and molecular devices involved in hearing and equilibrium sensing. Question (1) win be addressed with a combined experimental and modeling study aimed at one of the most thoroughly studied hair-cell systems-- the sacculus of the American bullfrog. Questions (2) and (3) will be addressed with an intensive comparative physiological study of afferent neurons of four nonhomologous acoustic sensors (frog lagena, sacculus, amphibian papilla, and gerbil cochlea) and two equilibrium sensors (frog lagena and utricle). The study will focus on the following issues: (a) linear tuning dynamics; is the dynamic order high or low; does the temperature dependence imply involvement of molecular kinetics (b) adaptation; is it linear (e.g., akin to differentiation) or nonlinear (e.g., akin to automatic gain control); what does it imply about underlying mechanisms? (c) response to heartbeat: is the sensor so sensitive that it responds to the animal's own blood flow? (d) suppression: does the sensor exhibit single-tone or two-tone suppression, (e) temporal resolution: does the sensor respond to subtle temporal events; does its temporal resolution improve with increased ambient noise level? Hypotheses to be tested: High dynamic order, nonlinear adaptation, responsiveness to heartbeat, suppression, responsiveness to subtle temporal events, and improvement of temporal resolution with increasing noise level all are features of acoustic sensors not shared by equilibrium sensors; when, in the course of evolution, a sensor or pan of a sensor has shifted from equilibrium sense to acoustic sense, or vice versa the shift must have involved the addition or removal of a large array of such features.

该项目的长期目标是促进理解 脊椎动物耳朵中信号处理的物理基础。 期间 在拟议的项目期间，工作将解决三个问题：（1）如何 是在较低的调谐结构中实现的高动态顺序 脊椎动物？ (2) 高动态阶数是声学的普遍属性吗 调整结构和低动态秩序是平衡的普遍性质 调整结构？ (3) 还有哪些线性和非线性信号处理 特性区分声学传感器和平衡传感器？ 这些问题的答案 问题应该提供对听觉和感觉的更深入的理解 平衡感，这反过来应该提供整合 微机械和分子器件研究的前景 参与听觉和平衡感。 问题（1）将得到解决 结合实验和建模研究，旨在最重要的研究之一 彻底研究了毛细胞系统——美国人的球囊 牛蛙。 问题（2）和（3）将得到深入解答 四种非同源传入神经元的比较生理学研究 声学传感器（青蛙膜、球囊、两栖动物乳头和沙鼠） 耳蜗）和两个平衡传感器（蛙膜和椭圆囊）。 研究 将重点关注以下问题：（a）线性调谐动力学；是 动态订单高或低；温度依赖性是否意味着 分子动力学的参与 (b) 适应；它是线性的（例如，类似于 微分）或非线性（例如，类似于自动增益控制）； 它对基本机制意味着什么？ (c) 对心跳的反应： 传感器是否非常敏感，能够对动物自身的血流做出反应？ (d) 抑制：传感器表现出单音还是双音 抑制，(e) 时间分辨率：传感器是否对细微的响应做出响应 时间事件；它的时间分辨率是否随着增加而提高 环境噪音水平？ 要测试的假设：高动态顺序， 非线性适应、心跳响应、抑制、 对微妙的时间事件的反应能力，以及时间能力的改善 分辨率随着噪声水平的增加而增加，这些都是声学传感器的特征 不与平衡传感器共享； 当在进化过程中， 传感器或传感器盘已从平衡感转变为声学感 从某种意义上说，反之亦然，这种转变必须涉及添加或删除 大量此类功能。