SOUND SOURCE LOCALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION BY A MODEL AUDITORY SYSTEM

通过模型听觉系统进行声源定位和识别

基本信息

批准号：
5209870
负责人：
RICHARD R FAY
金额：
--
依托单位：
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至
项目状态：
未结题

项目摘要

This project aims to determine how a simple vertebrate auditory system (Carassius auratus) identifies and locates sound sources. We focus on the perception of sound sources rather than on the processing of sounds per se. We hypothesize that vertebrates share essential hearing functions to determine sound sources so as to behave appropriately in relation to them. Perceiving one source among many requires that the frequency components of the source be grouped for common processing. Identifying a sound source requires information about the individual components belonging to the source. Thus, listening is both synthetic and analytic. This is the essential problem for hearing in general, and it seems likely that all vertebrate auditory systems function, to some degree, to both group and analyze the components of complex sounds. Goldfish hearing shares characteristics with all vertebrates investigated. At the same time, fishes represent an extreme position among vertebrates with respect to inner ear structure and are thus an "anchor point", so that our conclusions will help define the important dimensions of variation and similarity among vertebrates. This work will help establish a biological context among vertebrates within which human hearing can be more completely understood. Complementary behavioral and neurophysiological studies will help identify the neural codes and mechanisms underlying these fundamental aspects of hearing. We will use classical conditioning in a stimulus generalization paradigm with rippled noise and sine tone complexes as stimuli. To study synthetic listening, animals will be conditioned to respond to a complex sound producing perceptions of pitch in humans, and then tested for generalization to various pure tones, including that equal to the pitch of the complex, and others making up the complex sound's spectrum. Analytic listening will be studied similarly by asking whether individual components making up a complex are perceived independently. We will also determine how the pitch and other features of complex sounds are represented among cells of the midbrain and medulla, and the extent to which cells are selective for the pitch of the complex as well as for its individual frequency components. These studies will help identify the fundamental mechanisms underlying pitch perception and synthetic listening in a simply organized vertebrate auditory system. In studies on sound source location, we will measure the ability to detect and segregate components from two spatially-separated, simultaneous sources using a unique stimulator system capable of controlling the axis of particle motion as well as the pressure waveform. Complementary neurophysiological experiments at the levels of the midbrain and medulla will determine the fat of peripherally coded directional information and some of the fundamental mechanisms by which sound source location is represented in the brain.

该项目旨在确定简单的脊椎动物听觉系统如何（Carassius Auratus）识别并找到声音来源。我们专注于声音来源的感知而不是对声音的处理本身。我们假设脊椎动物共享基本听力确定声源的功能，以便在与他们的关系。在许多人中，人们认为一个来源要求将源的频率组件分组以进行通用处理。识别声源需要有关个人的信息属于源的组件。因此，聆听都是合成的和分析。这是总体听证的基本问题，似乎所有脊椎动物听觉系统都可能在某些程度，分组并分析复杂声音的组成部分。 Goldfish听证会与所有脊椎动物的特征调查。同时，鱼代表着极端位置在内耳结构方面，脊椎动物中 “锚点”，以便我们的结论将有助于定义重要的脊椎动物之间变异和相似性的尺寸。这项工作将帮助建立人类的脊椎动物之间的生物环境听力可以更完全理解。互补的行为和神经生理研究将有助于确定神经法规和听力的这些基本方面的基础机制。我们将使用带有波纹的刺激概括范式中的经典条件噪声和正弦音符作为刺激。研究合成聆听，动物将得到响应，以响应复杂的声音产生对人类音调的感知，然后测试了概括各种纯音，包括等于络合物的音调，其他人则构成了复杂的声音的频谱。分析聆听意志通过询问单个组件是否组成，可以同样研究一个复杂的人是独立的。我们还将确定如何音高和复杂声音的其他特征在细胞中表示中脑和髓质的含量以及细胞选择性的程度对于复合物以及其个体频率的音高成分。这些研究将有助于确定基本机制简单地组织的基础音调知觉和合成聆听脊椎动物听觉系统。在声音源位置的研究中，我们将测量从两个检测和分离组件的能力使用独特的刺激器在空间分离的同时源能够控制粒子运动轴以及压力波形。互补的神经生理实验中脑和髓质的水平将确定周围的脂肪编码的定向信息和某些基本机制大脑中表示哪个声音源位置。