FEC Recovery for Co-Chief Scientist Duties for Prof. Paul A. Wilson: IODP Expedition 342 Palaeogene Newfoundland sediment drifts

Paul A. Wilson 教授联席首席科学家职责的 FEC 回收：IODP Expedition 342 古近纪纽芬兰沉积物漂移

• 批准号: NE/K006800/1
• 负责人: Paul Wilson
• 金额: $ 8.78万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK006800%2F1
• 关键词: FEC; Recovery; Co; Chief; Scientist

Carbon dioxide, CO2, is a powerful greenhouse gas and its concentration in Earth's atmosphere has increased by around 35% since the start of the Industrial Revolution (in ca. 250 yrs) to a level that is higher than at any time in the past 800 thousand years as measured in air bubbles obtained from ice cores. If man-made (anthropogenic) CO2 emissions to the atmosphere follow projected rates, then by 2100, concentrations will reach values not seen since the Palaeogene epoch (ca. 65-23 million years ago, Ma) when Earth's climate was much warmer than today, featuring, for example, a genuinely green Greenland. These startling observations provide a powerful incentive to improve our understanding of the workings of the Palaeogene climate system.The Cenozoic palaeoclimate record is largely pieced together from the analysis of deep-sea sediments. It reveals a long-term climatic deterioration since the early Eocene (~55 Ma) with superimposed higher-frequency (10 to 100 thousand yearr timescale) variations including those paced by changes in Earth's orbit of the Sun and more extreme changes, both transient excursions and more persistent shifts in climate-state. In each case, the palaeoclimate archive indicates a close relationship between the climate signal observed and perturbation to the global carbon cycle.To decipher the physical and biogeochemical mechanisms that forced these changes in climate and the responses (feedback effects) we must determine rates and full magnitude of the changes involved. Until now this has proved difficult because virtually all of our records of Palaeogene climate change come from sites where sediments accumulate very slowly (~ 1 cm per thousand years). Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition, IODP Exp., 342 is designed to solve this problem by drilling a series of holes at sites where deep-sea sediments have accumulated at unusually fast rates (10 to 25 cm per thousand years). IODP Exp. 342 will drill a depth transect between ~2400 and 5000 m water depth into a number of sediment drifts of Paleogene age that were swept and piled up under the influence flow path of the Deep Western Boundary Current on J Anomaly Ridge and Southeast Newfoundland Ridge. The drill site area is famous because it is the graveyard of RMS Titanic, which sank after colliding with an iceberg en route from Southampton, England, to New York City, USA, in April 1912 and of the Andrea Gail, the commercial swordfish vessel from Gloucester, Massachusetts, lost at sea with all hands during the "Perfect Storm" of October 1991. These sediments to be drilled will provide an archive of changes in chemistry, flow history, and depth structure of waters exiting the Nordic seas and Arctic Ocean during the transition from an ice-free world featuring a genuinely green Greenland and lush forests on Antarctica.

二氧化碳CO2是一种强大的温室气体，自工业革命开始以来，其在地球大气中的浓度已增加了35％左右，达到了比过去80万年前的任何时间在从冰芯获得的气泡中衡量的时间高。如果人为（人为）对大气的二氧化碳排放遵循预计的速率，那么到2100年，当地球的气候比今天温暖时，浓度将达到自古代时代以来未见的价值，例如，地球的气候要温暖得多，例如，真正的绿地是一个真正的绿地。这些令人震惊的观察结果提供了一种有力的动力，以提高我们对古气候系统的运作的理解。新生代古气候记录在很大程度上是通过对深海沉积物的分析而拼凑而成的。它揭示了自始新世早期（〜55 mA）以来的长期气候恶化，并具有叠加的更高频率（10至100千年的时间尺度）的变化，包括那些因太阳的地球轨道的变化而节奏的变化以及瞬态偏移的变化，既有瞬态的偏移，又是气候状态的持久变化。在每种情况下，古气候档案都表明观察到的气候信号与与全球碳循环的扰动之间存在密切的关系，以解读迫使这些变化的物理和生物地球化学机制，这些机制迫使这些变化和反应（反馈效应）（反馈效应），我们必须确定所涉及的变化的速率和完全的变化。到目前为止，这已经证明很困难，因为我们几乎所有关于古气候变化的记录都来自沉积物积累非常缓慢（每千年约1厘米）的地点。 IODP Exp。集成的海洋钻井计划探险，旨在通过在以异常快速（每千年的10至25 cm）累积的地点钻探一系列孔来解决此问题。 IODP EXP。 342将在〜2400至5000 m的水深之间钻入深度的深度，以扫除并在J Anomaly Ridge和东南Newfoundland Ridge的深层西部边界电流的影响下堆积的古代时代的许多沉积物漂移。钻井场地之所以闻名，是因为它是RMS泰坦尼克号的墓地，它与1912年4月，从英格兰南安普敦到美国纽约市的冰山碰撞后，在马萨诸塞州格洛斯特（Gloucester）的马萨诸塞州格洛斯特（Gloucester）的商业箭船（Andrea Gail）的徒步旅行中，在1991年10月的“完美风暴”中，所有的拱门都陷入了这些变化。从无冰的世界过渡期间，流动历史和深度结构离开了北欧海和北极海洋。

项目成果

Magnetostratigraphically-calibrated dinoflagellate cyst bioevents for the uppermost Eocene to lowermost Miocene of the western North Atlantic (IODP Expedition 342, Paleogene Newfoundland sediment drifts)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.08.002
• 发表时间: 2016-11
• 期刊: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Lisa M. Egger;K. Śliwińska;T. Peer;D. Liebrand;P. Lippert;O. Friedrich;P. Wilson;R. Norris;J. Pross

North Atlantic Evidence for a Unipolar Icehouse Climate State at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition

北大西洋始新世-渐新世过渡时期单极冰室气候状态的证据

• DOI: 10.1029/2019pa003563
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Spray J

Meridional Contrasts in Productivity Changes Driven by the Opening of Drake Passage

• DOI: 10.1002/2017pa003211
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: J. Ladant;Y. Donnadieu;L. Bopp;C. Lear;P. Wilson

Late Maastrichtian carbon isotope stratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy of the Newfoundland Margin (Site U1403, IODP Leg 342)

• DOI: 10.1127/nos/2017/0398
• 发表时间: 2018-03-01
• 期刊: NEWSLETTERS ON STRATIGRAPHY
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Batenburg, Sietske J.;Friedrich, Oliver;Wilson, Paul A.
• 通讯作者: Wilson, Paul A.

Transient temperature asymmetry between hemispheres in the Palaeogene Atlantic Ocean

• DOI: 10.1038/s41561-018-0182-9
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: Nature Geoscience
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Zhonghui Liu;Yuxin He;Yiqing Jiang;Huanye Wang;Weiguo Liu;S. Bohaty;P. Wilson