RULES AND INSTANCES IN PERCEPTUAL CATEGORIZATION

知觉分类的规则和实例

• 批准号: 6087633
• 负责人: THOMAS J PALMERI
• 金额: $ 10.75万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-01 至 2003-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6087633
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; association learning; behavioral /social science research tag; classification; clinical research; computer simulation; decision making; human subject; memory; memory disorders; perception; psychological models

Experiments and theoretical work investigate basic mechanisms of human perceptual categorization. The working hypothesis is that both the application of rules and the retrieval of instances from memory underlie the human ability to classify objects into different categories. Rule- based processes are assumed to compete against instance-based processes. Early in category learning, rule-based processes dominate (if rules have been provided or can be induced). With more experience classifying items, instance-based processes come to dominate as more information about specific instances have been stored in memory. When rules are simply unavailable, instance-based processes are used entirely throughout learning. This theoretical framework motivates a series of proposed studies. This framework will be contrasted with other proposed theories of perceptual categorization. The first study investigates the relationship between perceptual categorization and recognition memory in normal and memory-impaired individuals (both simulated amnesiacs and Alzheimer's Disease patients will be tested). Instance-based models assume an empirical relationship between categorization and recognition, while multiple memory-system theories do not. The second study specifically tests for shifts from rule-based to instance-based processes in categorization as a function of learning using stimuli and category structures that allow the formation of rules. Subjects will be trained to classify items into categories and will be tested on their generalizations to new items at various points in learning to gauge the types of strategies they are employing. Both empirical studies and theoretical modeling work are proposed to provide converging evidence for categorization strategy shifts. The third study develops and tests a new model of perceptual categorization that combines an instance-based memory-retrieval mechanism with a diffusion process to make classification decisions. Theoretical extensions of this new model are also proposed. Long-term mental health implications of this research stem from a broadened understanding of basic mechanisms of perceptual categorization, a fundamental cognitive process. It can be argued that understanding causes of cognitive deficits in mental disorders requires a complete understanding of normal cognition. Proposed studies with AD patients should lead to important insights into the cognitive deficits surrounding this debilitating and widespread disease.

实验和理论工作研究了基本机制 人类感知分类。工作假设是 规则的应用和从内存中检索实例的基础 人类将对象分为不同类别的能力。基于规则 假定过程与基于实例的过程竞争。早期 类别学习，基于规则的过程占主导地位（如果提供了规则 也可以诱导）。凭借更多的经验分类项目，基于实例的项目 随着有关特定实例的更多信息的更多信息 存储在内存中。当规则不可用时，基于实例的 过程在整个学习过程中都完全使用。这个理论框架 激励一系列建议的研究。这个框架将与 其他提出的感知分类理论。第一个研究 研究感知分类与识别之间的关系 正常和记忆力障碍个体的记忆（模拟的失忆症和 阿尔茨海默氏病患者将进行测试）。基于实例的模型假设 分类与识别之间的经验关系，而多个 记忆系统理论没有。第二项研究专门测试了轮班 从基于规则到基于实例的过程分类的过程 使用刺激和类别结构进行学习，允许形成 规则。受试者将经过培训，将项目分类为类别，将是 测试了他们对学习的各个方面的新项目的概括 衡量他们采用的策略类型。两者都是经验研究和 提出了理论建模工作，以提供融合的证据 分类策略转移。第三项研究开发并测试了一个新模型 结合了基于实例的内存回归的感知分类 具有扩散过程以做出分类决策的机制。 还提出了该新模型的理论扩展。长期心理 这项研究的健康影响源于对 感知分类的基本机制，一个基本的认知过程。 可以说，理解心理认知缺陷的原因 疾病需要完全了解正常认知。建议的 与AD患者的研究应导致对认知的重要见解 围绕这种衰弱和广泛疾病的缺陷。