GENES, ADOLESCENT ADJUSTMENT, AND FAMILY PROCESSES

基因、青少年适应和家庭过程

• 批准号: 6186290
• 负责人: Jenae M. Neiderhiser
• 金额: $ 25.56万
• 依托单位: GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-07-01 至 2002-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6186290
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); antisocial personality; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral genetics; child behavior; clinical research; depression; family genetics; gene expression; genotype; human genetic material tag; human subject; interpersonal relations; longitudinal human study; monozygotic twins; phenotype; psychological adaptation; siblings; social psychology; twin /multiplet

In recent years there have been major advances in quantitative and molecular genetics. The overwhelming conclusion that has been reached in quantitative genetics is that genetic factors are important for most measures of adjustment. More surprisingly, genetic factors also have substantial influence on measures of family processes. Advances in genotyping, the identification of candidate genes, and the use of association strategies in molecular genetics have allowed for the investigation of associations between genes and continuously distributed characteristics, like adjustment. The proposed three-year project seeks to combine these advances to use candidate gene association to examine adolescent adjustment. In addition, this research will extend this strategy to explore the role of family processes in both moderating and mediating gene expression during adolescence. Genetic material (cheek scrapings) will be collected from two siblings (ages 10 to 18 at time 1) and both parents from the sample of 720 families who participated in the Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development Project (NEAD). NEAD is a NIMH-sponsored project (MH-43373 and MH-48825), assessed twice, three years apart, focused on understanding adolescent adjustment and the role of genetic factors and family processes in shaping adjustment. This is the only quantitative genetic study that has intensively measured family processes, including observational assessments. The collection of genetic material from this sample will enable the examination of (1) candidate gene associations with adolescent adjustment, (2) longitudinal associations of candidate genes and adjustment, (3) family processes as moderators of gene expression (genotype-environment interactions), and (4) family processes as mediators of gene expression (genotype-environment correlations). The inclusion of siblings and parents will allow the use of control group strategies that are not affected by population stratification. For example, candidate gene associations will be conducted for one member of the sibling pair and the other sibling is then used for replication. Because the NEAD is a quantitative genetic sample, heritabilities can be computed to identify the most likely possibilities for association with candidate genes (i.e., those measures with the largest heritabilities are the best starting points). In addition, NEAD employed careful measurement of phenotypes, through the use of multi-measure, multi-agent assessment. This proposal, using the most recent advances in quantitative genetics and the most recent advances in molecular genetics has great potential for informing the question of how genes influence development.

近年来，定量和分子遗传学取得了重大进展。 定量遗传学中得出的压倒性结论是，遗传因素对于大多数调整措施都很重要。 更令人惊讶的是，遗传因素对家庭过程的度量也具有重大影响。 基因分型的进步，候选基因的鉴定以及在分子遗传学中使用关联策略的使用已使基因与连续分布的特征之间的关联进行研究，例如调整。 拟议的三年项目旨在结合这些进步，以使用候选基因协会检查青少年调整。 此外，这项研究将扩展这种策略，以探索家庭过程在青春期调节和介导基因表达中的作用。遗传物质（脸颊刮擦）将从两个兄弟姐妹（时代1至18岁）收集，并从参加青少年发展项目（NEAD）中非避免环境的720个家庭样本中收集父母。 NEAD是一个由NIMH赞助的项目（MH-43373和MH-48825），两次评估，相距三年，重点是了解青少年调整以及遗传因素和家庭过程在塑造调整中的作用。 这是唯一一项对家庭过程（包括观察评估）进行了深入衡量的遗传研究。 该样品中的遗传物质收集将使（1）与青少年调整，（2）候选基因和调整的纵向关联，（3）家族过程作为基因表达的调节剂（基因型 - 环境相互作用）的调节剂，以及（4）家族的综合表达（基因型相互作用）（基因型型）的基因表达（基因型 - 环境相互作用）（基因型型），基因型（基因型 - 环境相互作用）的纵向（3）候选基因相关性。包括兄弟姐妹和父母的包含将允许使用不受人口分层影响的对照组策略。 例如，将为兄弟姐妹对的一个成员进行候选基因关联，然后将另一个兄弟姐妹用于复制。 由于NEAD是一种定量的遗传样本，因此可以计算遗产以识别与候选基因相关的最可能的可能性（即，具有最大遗产的指标是最佳起点）。 此外，NEAD通过使用多量化的多代理评估，采用了对表型的仔细测量。 该提议利用定量遗传学的最新进展和分子遗传学的最新进展具有巨大的潜力，可以告知基因如何影响发展的问题。