Characterisation of the Near-Field Eyjafjallajökull Volcanic Plume and its Long-range Influence

近场埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖火山羽流的特征及其远程影响

基本信息

批准号：
NE/I015582/1
负责人：
Roy Grainger
金额：
$ 63.05万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI015582%2F1
关键词：
Characterisation Near Field Eyjafjallaj kull

项目摘要

The volcanic plume from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption has caused significant disruption to air transport across Europe. The regulatory response, ensuring aviation safety, depends on dispersion models. The accuracy of the dispersion predictions depend on the intensity of the eruption, on the model representation of the plume dynamics and the physical properties of the ash and gases in the plume. Better characterisation of these processes and properties will require improved understanding of the near-source plume region. This project will bring to bear observations and modelling in order to achieve more accurate and validated dispersion predictions. The investigation will seek to integrate the volcanological and atmospheric science methods in order to initiate a complete system model of the near-field atmospheric processes. This study will integrate new modelling and insights into the dynamics of the volcanic plume and its gravitational equilibration in the stratified atmosphere, effects of meteorological conditions, physical and chemical behaviour of ash particles and gases, physical and chemical in situ measurements, ground-based remote sensing and satellite remote sensing of the plume with very high resolution numerical computational modelling. When integrated with characterisations of the emissions themselves, the research will lead to enhanced predictive capability. The Eyjafjallajökull eruption has now paused. However, all three previous historical eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull were followed by eruptions of the much larger Katla volcano. At least two other volcanic systems in Iceland are 'primed' ready to erupt. This project will ensure that the science and organisational lessons learned from the April/May 2010 response to Eyjafjallajökull are translated fully into preparedness for a further eruption of any other volcano over the coming years. Overall, the project will (a) complete the analysis of atmospheric data from the April/May eruption, (b) prepare for future observations and forecasting and (c) make additional observations if there is another eruption during within the forthcoming few years.

Eyjafjallajökull的火山羽流造成了整个欧洲航空运输的重大破坏。确保航空安全的监管响应取决于分散模型。分散预测的准确性取决于喷发的强度，羽状动力学的模型表示以及羽流中灰分和气体的物理性能。更好地表征这些过程和特性将需要提高对近源羽流区域的了解。该项目将带来熊观察和建模，以实现更准确和经过验证的分散预测。这项投资将寻求整合火山学和大气科学方法，以启动近场大气过程的完整系统模型。这项研究将将新的建模和洞察力整合到火山羽流的动力学及其在分层氛围中的引力等效性，气象条件的影响，灰分颗粒和气体的物理和化学行为，物理和化学原位测量，地面遥感和卫星远程远程敏感性具有很高的分辨率计算式数值。当与排放本身的特征集成时，研究将导致增强的预测能力。但是，Eyjafjallajökull的所有三场历史爆发之后均进行了更大的卡特拉火山的喷发。冰岛至少有两个其他火山系统“底漆”准备爆发。该项目将确保从2010年4月/5月对Eyjafjallajökull的回应中学到的科学和组织教训被完全转化为在未来几年内进一步爆发任何其他火山的准备。总体而言，该项目将（a）完成4月/5月爆发的大气数据的分析，（b）为将来的观察和预测做准备，以及（c）如果在即将到来的几年内发生了另一次喷发，则进行其他观察。