Field-ready phase-sensitive radio-echosounder, for ice shelf melt rate measurement

现场就绪相敏无线电回声测深仪，用于冰架融化速率测量

• 批准号: NE/I000623/1
• 负责人: Paul Brennan
• 金额: $ 12.81万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI000623%2F1
• 关键词: Field; ready; phase; sensitive; radio

The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) has in recent years developed a highly-successful stepped-frequency phase-sensitive radar system (pRES) based on a general-purpose vector network analyzer (VNA). The aim was to obtain a direct measurement of melt rates at the base of ice shelves. To achieve this the vertical motion of the ice shelf base was measured with respect to an internal reflector within the ice column. Two sets of measurements are required, separated by anything from a few days to a year depending on the desired averaging period. The results from field experiments with this instrument have exceeded all expectations. The system has proved so sensitive that the displacement of internal reflectors throughout the ice column can be measured, which means that the vertical strain rate can be determined directly from pRES without the need for additional glaciological observations. The immense power of the technique lies in its sensitivity to phase allowing the displacements of reflectors to be measured with millimetre accuracy. Other groups are now building pRES systems using precisely the same methods, and using them for various studies, including running the VNA at microwave frequencies to ground-truth satellite-observed surface elevation changes in ice sheet. The present pRES system, however, uses an expensive, bulky, high power consumption and high noise factor laboratory instrument (a VNA), housed in an insulated enclosure heated to a stable temperature of around 22 Celsius. The system is powered by a 1 kW petrol generator. We therefore propose to conduct a study to develop and prove the feasibility of a purpose-built, low-cost, field-robust system with low power consumption and the potential for improved performance and remote data transmission (via satellite). Multiple systems of this type could then be deployed for long periods, providing a continuous year-round update allowing a synoptic view of evolving patterns of ice-shelf basal melt rate. The proposed system would be based on an FMCW architecture, using a highly linear Direct Digital Synthesiser (DDS) approach, which offers greater performance and flexibility than the step-frequency technique used previously. Further, the use of a novel and elegant phased array approach offers the tantalising possibility of through-ice high-resolution 3D imaging, and the potential of this enhancement to the system will also be investigated. The technique is presently at TRL2: the idea of using phase-sensitive radar to measure melt rates has been proved in the field using laboratory equipment. We seek funding to progress to TRL4 in order to allow the future capabiliity of year-round remote monitoring of ice shelf melt rate at a number of locations.

近年来，英国南极调查（BAS）基于通用媒介网络分析仪（VNA）开发了高度成功的跨频率相敏感雷达系统（PRES）。目的是获得冰架底部熔体速率的直接测量。为了实现这一目标，根据冰柱内的内部反射器测量了冰架基底的垂直运动。需要两组测量值，从几天到一年的情况下，取决于所需的平均时间。该工具的现场实验的结果超出了所有预期。事实证明，该系统是如此敏感，以至于可以测量整个冰柱的内部反射器的位移，这意味着可以直接从PRES确定垂直应变速率，而无需进行其他冰川学观察。该技术的巨大功能在于它对相位的敏感性，从而使反射器的位移以毫米精度测量。现在，其他组正在使用完全相同的方法来构建PRES系统，并将其用于各种研究，包括在微波频率下运行VNA，以使冰盖的地面卫星观察到地面卫星的表面高度变化。然而，当前的当前系统使用了昂贵，笨重，高功耗和高噪声因子实验室仪器（VNA），该仪器安装在隔热的外壳中，加热到稳定温度约为22摄氏度约22摄氏度。该系统由1 kW汽油发电机提供动力。因此，我们建议进行一项研究，以开发和证明具有低功耗的专用，低成本，现场刺激系统的可行性，并有可能提高性能和远程数据传输（通过卫星）的潜力。然后可以长时间部署这种类型的多种系统，提供全年的连续更新，从而使冰壳基础融化速率不断发展的模式的概要视图。提出的系统将基于FMCW体系结构，使用高度线性直接数字合成器（DDS）方法，该方法比以前使用的阶段频率技术提供了更高的性能和灵活性。此外，使用新颖而优雅的分阶段阵列方法提供了贯穿冰的高分辨率3D成像的诱人可能性，并且该增强对系统的潜力也将得到研究。该技术目前位于TRL2：使用相敏感雷达测量熔体速率的想法已在现场使用实验室设备证明。我们寻求资金来发展到TRL4，以便将未来的全年远程监视冰架融化速率的近距离监视。

项目成果

Efficient path estimation through parallel media for wide-beam ice-sounding radar

通过并行介质进行宽波束冰探雷达的有效路径估计

• DOI: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2019.0406
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation
• 作者: Arenas-Pingarrón Á

Design of an HF-VHF Ice Penetrating Synthetic Aperture Radar

HF-VHF透冰合成孔径雷达设计

• DOI: 10.1109/ims37962.2022.9865374
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Hawkins J

Development of a VHF Transponder for Geological Monitoring of Boreholes Drilled Through Ice Sheets using phase-sensitive FMCW Radar

开发 VHF 应答器，用于使用相敏 FMCW 雷达对冰盖钻孔进行地质监测

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Amiri, A

An Improved RHCP Archimedean Spiral Antenna for Glacial Environmental Sensor Networks

用于冰川环境传感器网络的改进 RHCP 阿基米德螺旋天线

• DOI: 10.1109/isap53582.2022.9998827
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Hashmi M

Design of high gain microstrip Yagi array antenna for avalanche radar

雪崩雷达高增益微带八木阵列天线设计

• DOI: 10.1109/aps.2012.6348476
• 发表时间: 2012
• 作者: Mohd Isa F