EFFERENT INNERVATION OF IDENTIFIED VESTIBULAR AFFERENTS

已识别的前庭传入的传出神经支配

• 批准号: 6199552
• 负责人: ANNA LYSAKOWSKI
• 金额: $ 28.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-08-01 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6199552
• 关键词: acetylcholine; adenosine triphosphate; afferent nerve; brain stem; calcitonin gene related peptide; calretinin; chinchilla; confocal scanning microscopy; efferent nerve; enkephalins; immunocytochemistry; immunoelectron microscopy; innervation; muscarinic receptor; neuroanatomy; neurochemistry; neuronal transport; nitric oxide synthase; polymerase chain reaction; vestibular apparatus; western blottings

The purpose of this grant is to investigate the efferent innervation of the peripheral vestibular apparatus. Knowledge of the neurotransmitters and the projections from the brainstem efferent neurons to the peripheral labyrinth will help us understand the role of the vestibular efferent system in health and disease. Recent studies have suggested that neurons in the vestibular efferent nucleus are heterogeneous in their transmitter composition and in their peripheral targets. Such heterogeneity changes our long-held view that vestibular efferents are a nonspecific system. The goal of this study is to define subpopulations of efferent neurons in the chinchilla based upon their brain stem locations, their projection patterns, their peripheral endings, their neurotransmitters, and their receptor subtypes. Specific aims are: 1) to characterize anatomical and neurochemical subpopulations of brainstem efferent neurons by combining retrograde and anterograde tracers with transmitter immunohistochemistry, and 2) to determine details of the morphological terminations of efferents in the periphery, at both the light and electron microscopic levels, and details of their neurochemistry at the molecular level by determining their transmitter receptor subtypes. Efferent neurons in the brainstem are identified by means of retrograde tracer injections into the peripheral vestibular apparatus. They are simultaneously characterized immunohistochemically with antibodies to several putative neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, calcitonin gene- related peptide, nitric oxide synthase, met-enkephalin, adenosine triphosphate, and others). In the periphery, the distribution of receptor sub-types for peptidergic, purinergic and muscarinic transmission will be examined in an attempt to specifically understand the slow response of afferents to efferent stimulation. Vestibular afferents are identified by means of extracellular horseradish peroxidase injections or calretinin immunohistochemistry. The innervation patterns of efferent terminals in the periphery is determined by injections of biotinylated dextran amine centrally. Electron microscopic immunohistochemical methods are used to characterize chemically distinct efferent boutons according to their terminations in the sensory epithelium, that is, by the class of afferents (calyx, dimorphic or bouton) and by the region (central or peripheral zones) that they innervate. The intent is to produce a body of knowledge about the structural basis of the efferents, and their relationship to the afferents, from which physiologically and pharmacologically testable hypotheses can be derived.

该赠款的目的是研究周围前庭设备的传出神经。 对神经递质的了解以及从脑干传出神经元到外周迷宫的预测将有助于我们了解前庭传出系统在健康和疾病中的作用。 最近的研究表明，前庭传出核中的神经元在其发射机组成和外周靶标的异质性是异质的。 这种异质性改变了我们长期以来的观点，即前庭产物是一种非特异性系统。 这项研究的目的是根据其脑干位置，投射模式，外周结尾，神经递质和受体亚型来定义龙猫中传出神经元的亚群。 具体目的是：1）表征通过将逆行和顺行示踪剂与发射器免疫组织化学结合结合到脑干屈服神经元的解剖学和神经化学亚群，以及2）确定在光和电级别的层次级别的层次层次和电级别的层次的细节，以确定递归的形态终止的细节。发射机受体亚型。 脑干中的传出神经元是通过向周围前庭设备的逆行示踪剂注射来鉴定的。 它们与几种推定的神经递质（乙酰胆碱，降钙素基因相关的肽，一氧化氮合酶，元烯基酮，三磷酸腺苷，三磷酸盐等）的抗体同时表征免疫组织化学。 在外围，将检查用于肽吉尼，嘌呤能和毒蕈碱传播的受体亚型的分布，以尝试专门了解传出对传出刺激的缓慢反应。 前庭传入是通过细胞外辣根过氧化物酶注射或钙网蛋白免疫组织化学鉴定的。 外围末端的神经支配模式由中央注射生物素基化的葡萄糖胺的注射确定。 电子显微镜免疫组织化学方法用于根据感官上皮的终止来表征化学不同的传出胸子，即，通过其神经网络的传入类（Calyx，Dimorphic或Bouton）和区域（中央或外围区域）的传入（Calyx，Dimorphic或Bouton）的类别（Calyx，Dimorphic或Bouton）。 目的是产生有关传出的结构基础的知识，及其与传入的关系，可以从生理和药理学上可以从生理和药理测试的假设中得出这些知识。