Understanding and supporting sustained pathways out of extreme poverty and deprivation

理解并支持摆脱极端贫困和匮乏的可持续途径

• 批准号: ES/M009351/1
• 负责人: Andrew Shepherd
• 金额: $ 58.57万
• 依托单位: Overseas Development Institute
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FM009351%2F1
• 关键词: Understanding; supporting; sustained; pathways; out

'Getting to Zero' extreme poverty involves ensuring that the policies, institutions and politics are right for the poorest people to escape poverty. As the reduction in the global number of people in poverty illustrates, there are widespread stories of success. We know much about how, and why, some households escape poverty and others do not. We know less, though, about what happens to those individuals and households after they escape poverty, and why some are able to stay on an upward trajectory well away from the poverty line, while others escape poverty only to be thrust back again into it after a few years or less.This research addresses the first two of the overarching call questions. The first is: 'what factors shape pathways into and out of poverty and people's experience of these, and how can policy create sustained routes out of extreme poverty in ways that can be replicated and scaled up?' The second: 'what political and institutional conditions are associated with effective poverty reduction and development, and what can domestic and external actors do to promote these conditions?' In particular, this proposed research concentrates on achieving a better understanding of how escapes from extreme poverty and deprivation can be sustained over time, since this is a poorly understood aspect of poverty dynamics. It does so combining the analysis of quantitative data with a time dimension (panel surveys) with the collection of life histories and face-to-face interviews and groups discussions with policy makers and key informants at the local level. Combining these diverse methods, the research is able to:i) investigate the individual and household factors that, for different groups of the population, enable sustained escapes from extreme poverty and deprivation;ii) identify how these routes for sustained pathways out of poverty are influenced by the broader social, political and economic environment in which people live, in particular the institutions which they have access to and the types of relationships which they enjoy;iii) inform policy makers on the policies that can help individuals and households to escape poverty and remain out of it;iv) improve policy makers', researchers' and NGO's capacity to design, implement and lobby for policies that enable people to escape poverty, help them stay on an upward trajectory out of poverty and prevent their impoverishment.The geographical focus of the research is on three East African countries (Ethiopia, Rwanda and Tanzania) characterised by high poverty levels. These three countries have experienced significant political and institutional changes in the last decade which have led to varied outcomes in terms of policies. The research will compare the experience of these three countries in order to identify in each the successful policies and programmes and the political and institutional pre-conditions for their implementation, while also creating evidence of how these policies may be scaled-up and exported in other countries.The research is led by the Chronic Poverty Advisory Network (based at the Overseas Development Institute) in partnership with three East African research bodies (one in each of the countries involved) and sees the involvement of UK-based and African-based senior and junior researchers. Most of the research activities will be conducted in Tanzania, Rwanda and Ethiopia: these include the collection of qualitative data on the field through life history interviews and groups meetings with policy makers, as well as activities for the dissemination of the findings of the project. Part of the data analysis and the writing up of the research findings will be done in UK, so as dissemination events targeted at the UK academic community and UK-based donors, NGOs, practitioners and policy makers.

“零”极端贫困涉及确保政策，制度和政治是最贫穷的人逃避贫困的正确的。正如贫困中全球人数减少所说明的那样，有很多成功的故事。我们对某些家庭逃脱贫困和其他家庭的了解非常了解，而其他家庭则不了解。不过，我们对这些个人和家庭逃脱贫困后会发生什么，以及为什么有些人能够远离贫困线的向上轨迹，而另一些人则逃脱了贫困，只是在几年或更少的时间后再次将其重新倒退到贫困线。首先是：“哪些因素可以塑造出贫困和人们对这些因素的经历，以及政策如何以可以复制和扩大规模的方式从极端贫困中创造出持续的路线？”第二个：“哪些政治和制度条件与有效的减贫和发展有关，国内和外部参与者可以采取什么措施来促进这些条件？”特别是，这项拟议的研究集中于更好地了解如何随着时间的流逝而逃脱极端贫困和剥夺，因为这是贫困动态的一个知识的方面。它确实将定量数据的分析与时间维度（面板调查）结合在一起，并收集了生活历史，面对面的访谈以及与当地一级政策制定者和关键信息的讨论。研究结合了这些多样化的方法，研究能够：i）调查个人和家庭因素，对于不同的人群而言，使持续的逃避极端的贫困和剥夺能够逃脱，ii）确定这些持续途径的途径如何影响贫困的持续途径如何受到更广泛的社会，政治和经济环境的影响。 individuals and households to escape poverty and remain out of it;iv) improve policy makers', researchers' and NGO's capacity to design, implement and lobby for policies that enable people to escape poverty, help them stay on an upward trajectory out of poverty and prevent their impoverishment.The geographical focus of the research is on three East African countries (Ethiopia, Rwanda and Tanzania) characterised by high poverty levels.这三个国家在过去十年中经历了重大的政治和机构变化，这导致了政策的各种结果。这项研究将比较这三个国家的经验，以便在每个成功的政策和计划中确定实施其实施的政治和机构预先规定，同时还可以为如何在其他国家 /地区进行缩放和导出这些政策的证据。该研究由慢性贫困咨询网络（基于国外研究所的涉及的国家）（一个涉及的国家）（一项涉及的国家）领导。总部位于英国和非洲的高级和初级研究人员。大多数研究活动都将在坦桑尼亚，卢旺达和埃塞俄比亚进行：其中包括通过人生历史访谈和团体与政策制定者的会议收集现场的定性数据，以及分发项目发现的活动。数据分析的一部分和研究结果的写作将在英国进行，因此，作为针对英国学术界和英国捐助者，非政府组织，从业者和政策制定者的传播活动。

项目成果

Social capital as a double-edged sword for sustained poverty escapes in Ethiopia

社会资本是埃塞俄比亚持续脱贫的双刃剑

• DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105969
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: World Development
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Woldehanna T

Sustaining escapes from poverty

• DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105611
• 发表时间: 2022-02-03
• 期刊: WORLD DEVELOPMENT
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Diwakar, Vidya;Shepherd, Andrew
• 通讯作者: Shepherd, Andrew

Financial Crises, Poverty and Environmental Sustainability: Challenges in the Context of the SDGs and Covid-19 Recovery

金融危机、贫困和环境可持续性：可持续发展目标和 Covid-19 复苏背景下的挑战

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-87417-9_9
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Shepherd A

A tale of triple disadvantages: Disability, chronic poverty and gender inequality in rural Bangladesh

三重劣势的故事：孟加拉国农村地区的残疾、长期贫困和性别不平等

• DOI: 10.1177/14680181221099839
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Global Social Policy
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: Diwakar V

Using political settlements analysis to explain poverty trends in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda and Tanzania

利用政治解决分析来解释埃塞俄比亚、马拉维、卢旺达和坦桑尼亚的贫困趋势

• DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105827
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: World Development
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Chinsinga B