The International Cognitive Ability Resource

国际认知能力资源

• 批准号: ES/L016591/1
• 负责人: John Rust
• 金额: $ 60.44万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FL016591%2F1
• 关键词: International; Cognitive; Ability; Resource; International; Cognitive; Ability; Resource

After more than a century of active research on cognitive abilities, there now exist dozens of assessment tools of tremendous variety. Many of these are no longer widely used on account of being outdated or poorly maintained. Most of the remainder - those tests which are actively used and well maintained - can generally be organized into two broad types: (i) proprietary measures owned and administered by profitable commercial entities or (ii) idiosyncratic measures which are usually developed and used by isolated research groups for narrow purposes. This circumstance is problematic for the international community of cognitive ability researchers because it inhibits the generalization of findings across sub-fields and, more generally, slows the pace at which knowledge can advance. The tangible consequences of this circumstance on the societal level are manifested through limited utility of cognitive ability assessment in clinical settings (as used for diagnoses of cognitive impairment) and selection contexts (as used for personnel recruitment or academic admissions).These consequences will be addressed by the development of the International Cognitive Ability Resource (ICAR), a public-domain and open-source tool which will incorporate modern item generation and adaptive testing techniques. At its essence, ICAR is a framework for international collaboration. This framework will facilitate the development of a large and dynamic bank of cognitive ability measures for use in a wide variety of applications. By encouraging the use, revision, and ongoing development of these measures among qualified research groups around the world, the ICAR will further understanding about the structure of cognitive abilities as well as the nature of associations between cognitive ability constructs and the life outcomes they predict.This framework is not without precedent; a similar project has been implemented for use in psychology. The International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) is a large collection of publicly available personality items which was introduced to resolve similar problems with measurement standards. This project has met with considerable success; data collected with IPIP measures have contributed to more than 500 journal articles and book chapters over the last decade. The proposed ICAR is not entirely analogous, mainly because cognitive ability items are fundamentally different from typical, self-report personality items. While the latter are measures of typical behaviour, most intelligence items are intended to assess maximal performance. This distinction makes the development of ICAR considerably more challenging, though it has already been demonstrated that such development is feasible.The development project proposed herein will result in a resource which contains many types of "item generators". These will be distributed as functions in psychometrically informed, easily implemented, open-source software. Researchgroups will be able to use these item generators by downloading the software through the widely-used, open-source statistical software platform, R. As needed, the revision of existing item generators and the development of additional types will be encouraged among qualified international researchers. These item generators will be well suited for large scale, international data collection as might be conducted over the internet.

经过一个多世纪的认知能力研究，现在有数十种巨大的评估工具。其中许多不再因过时或维护不足而被广泛使用。其余的大多数 - 那些被积极使用和维护良好的测试通常可以分为两种类型：（i）由有利可图的商业实体拥有和管理的专有措施，或（ii）通常由孤立研究组开发和使用的特质措施。这种情况对国际认知能力研究人员社会是有问题的，因为它抑制了跨次场的发现的概括，更一般而言，它会减慢知识可以提高的步伐。这种情况在社会层面上的切实后果是通过在临床环境中的认知能力评估有限的有限效率（用于诊断认知障碍的诊断）和选择环境（用于人员招聘或学术招生的诊断）。技术。本质上，ICAR是国际合作的框架。该框架将有助于开发大型且动态的认知能力指标，以在各种应用中使用。通过鼓励全球合格研究小组中这些措施的使用，修订和持续发展，ICAR将进一步了解认知能力的结构以及认知能力构造与他们预测的生活成果之间的关联性质。此框架并非没有先验的；已经实施了类似的项目以用于心理学。国际个性项目池（IPIP）是大量公开的个性项目，旨在解决与测量标准相似的问题。这个项目取得了巨大的成功。在过去十年中，使用IPIP措施收集的数据为500多个期刊文章和书籍章节做出了贡献。提出的ICAR并不完全类似，主要是因为认知能力项目与典型的自我报告人格项目根本不同。尽管后者是典型行为的衡量标准，但大多数智能项目旨在评估最大性能。这种区别使ICAR的发展变得更具挑战性，尽管已经证明了这种开发是可行的。此处提出的开发项目将导致一个资源，其中包含许多类型的“项目生成器”。这些将在心理知情，易于实现的开源软件中作为功能分布。研究组将能够通过通过广泛使用的，开源的统计软件平台下载软件来使用这些项目生成器。根据需要，将在合格的国际研究人员中鼓励现有项目生成器的修订，并鼓励其他类型的开发。这些物品生成器将非常适合大规模的大规模，国际数据收集，可能是通过互联网进行的。