Identifying Targets for Interventions to Improve Functional Ability to Work over the Life Course

确定干预目标以提高生命全程工作的功能能力

基本信息

批准号：
10657197
负责人：
NICOLE A MAESTAS
金额：
$ 71.73万
依托单位：
HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-06-01 至 2028-02-29
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10657197
关键词：
Activities of Daily Living Affect Age American Assessment tool Cognitive Country Data Deterioration Development Economic Factors Economics Education Employment Exercise Future Goals Health Individual International Intervention Knowledge Life Cycle Stages Longevity Maps Measures Methods Netherlands Occupational Occupations Personal Satisfaction Persons Population Prevention Procedures Productivity Recovery Rehabilitation therapy Research Respondent Sampling Scientific Advances and Accomplishments Security Standardization Technology Time Vocational rehabilitation Work age group base climate change cost data resource disability effective intervention functional loss healthy aging human old age (65+)improved instrument pandemic potential prevent productivity loss psychosocial psychosocial wellbeing public health intervention response simulation social social factors standardize measure

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT As individuals age, their health may decline, in some cases leading to the loss of key functional abilities that enable them to work. These functional losses jeopardize prospects for healthy aging, which calls for ongoing engagement in socially productive activities of one’s choosing. Despite the importance of maintaining functional abilities with age, we do not yet understand how losses in particular cognitive, physical or psychosocial abilities interact with job requirements to impede work activity. In addition, it is unknown whether public health interventions could restore losses in critical abilities once they occur, or even prevent such losses in the first place. Understanding which ability losses cause the most loss in work capacity in the population is a prerequisite to identifying targets for interventions to improve functional work capacity. Once these ability losses and their impacts are understood, potential work- capacity interventions can be identified and evaluated. The ideal targets of work-capacity interventions are ability losses that lead to large productivity losses in the population, but for which relatively low- cost, effective interventions could be developed or, if interventions currently exist, could be made widely accessible. The goal of this project is to build the research base upon which work-capacity interventions may be developed. To do so, we will draw upon methods used for disability determination in the Netherlands, which measures work capacity by mapping standardized measures of functional abilities to standardized requirements of jobs across the national economy. This comprehensive mapping between abilities and jobs allows for direct computation of the set of feasible jobs and potential earnings for an individual, conditional on their education. The Netherlands is unique among countries in this approach to disability determination. First, we will adapt and harmonize the Dutch functional assessment instrument to the U.S. context and then field the assessment to a representative sample of Americans ages 25-75 at two points in time. After mapping respondents’ functional abilities to occupational requirements in the U.S., we will estimate cross-sectional levels of functional work capacity as well as longitudinal ability loss/recovery rates, overall and for different age groups. Next, we will conduct counterfactual simulations to determine the critical functional abilities that, if their loss could be reversed through future intervention, would have the greatest impact on work capacity in the U.S. population. Since prevention targets may differ from rehabilitation targets, we will also conduct the reverse exercise: we will use counterfactual simulations to determine the critical functional abilities that, if deterioration could be prevented through future intervention, would have the greatest impact on work capacity in the U.S. population. Lastly, we will simulate the effects of changes in occupational requirements arising from factors like technological change, pandemic risk, and climate change.

项目概要/摘要随着个体年龄的增长，他们的健康状况可能会下降，在某些情况下会导致关键功能能力的丧失这些功能丧失会危及健康老龄化的前景，这就是所谓的健康老龄化。尽管很重要，但持续参与自己选择的社会生产活动。随着年龄的增长，维持功能能力，我们还不明白特定认知能力的丧失是如何发生的，此外，身体、心理或社会能力与工作要求相互作用，会阻碍工作活动。不知道公共卫生干预措施是否可以恢复关键能力的损失，或者甚至首先了解哪些能力损失造成的损失最大。人口的工作能力是确定改善干预措施目标的先决条件一旦了解了这些能力及其影响，潜在的工作能力可以确定和评估工作能力干预的理想目标。是导致人口生产力大幅下降的能力损失，但其相对较低的可以制定成本有效的干预措施，或者如果目前存在干预措施，则可以广泛实施该项目的目标是建立工作能力干预的研究基础。为此，我们将借鉴《残疾认定法》中使用的方法。荷兰，通过绘制功能能力的标准化衡量标准来衡量工作能力对整个国民经济的就业岗位的标准化要求进行了全面的测绘。能力和工作之间允许直接计算一组可行的工作和潜力个人收入取决于其教育程度荷兰在其他国家中是独一无二的。首先，我们将调整和协调荷兰功能。评估工具适合美国情况，然后对具有代表性的样本进行评估在将受访者的功能能力映射到两个时间点后，美国人的年龄在 25 岁至 75 岁之间。美国的职业要求，我们将估计职能工作的横截面水平接下来，我们分析不同年龄组的总体能力以及纵向能力损失/恢复率。将进行反事实模拟，以确定关键的功能能力，如果他们的损失可能会通过未来的干预来逆转，将对美国的工作能力产生最大的影响由于预防目标可能与康复目标不同，我们也会进行评估。反向练习：我们将使用反事实模拟来确定关键的功能能力，如果可以通过未来的干预来防止恶化，将对工作产生最大的影响最后，我们将模拟职业变化的影响。技术变革、流行病风险和气候变化等因素产生的要求。