Natural Traces: Natural Traces in forensic investigations - how the analysis of non-human evidence can solve crime

自然痕迹：法医调查中的自然痕迹 - 非人类证据分析如何解决犯罪

• 批准号: EP/Y036743/1
• 负责人: M. Alejandra Perotti
• 金额: $ 33.22万
• 依托单位: University of Reading
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FY036743%2F1
• 关键词: Natural; Traces; forensic; investigations; how

Literally any crime scene contains animal, plant, soil, microbial or environmental traces. Examples include pet hairs or saliva, pollenand algae, soil and soil organisms like bacteria or nematodes, fungal spores, insects, and environmental traces in the form ofenvironmental DNA of any origin. Such biological traces can be found mainly on living people (suspects, victims), on objects like carsor weapons, and on bodies not just on the surface but also in their surroundings like single or mass graves, or an aquatic environment.In the EU, there is a lack of training opportunities in applied topics of forensic science at postgraduate level, such as the qualitativeand quantitative analysis of specifically such non-human biological traces. While many EU countries have forensic laboratories thatalso such traces, a much broader, integrated knowledge base is needed, built on close cooperation between basic research inacademia and analysis and application in casework by forensic specialists. NATURAL JUSTICE aims to optimise the procedures fortaking and analysing non-human traces in order to meet the ever-increasing demands for identifying suspects and victims and to linktraces to different places, times or courses of action. The results based on this need a statistical robustness that will also hold up in thecourtroom under cross-examination.The proposal aims for 10 PhD students with a background in life sciences. They will build their knowledge and experience in practicalforensics in training schools provided by academic, non-academic partners, and police academies or laboratories. The trainingembeds biological evidence in a Bayesian framework, making it universally comparable with all other forms of evidence, by applyingnovel probabilistic approaches to extract forensic useful information from metadata. It is truly cross-sectoral, with secondments atend-users of the training (e.g. police forces) and joint supervision by PIs from different countries.

从字面上看，任何犯罪现场都包含动物，植物，土壤，微生物或环境痕迹。例子包括宠物头发或唾液，花粉和藻类，细菌或线虫等土壤和土壤生物，真菌孢子，昆虫和环境痕迹，以任何起源的环境DNA形式。这种生物学痕迹主要可以主要涉及活着的人（犯罪嫌疑人，受害者），诸如汽车武器之类的物体，不仅在表面上，而且在诸如单一或大众坟墓或水生环境之类的周围环境中。尽管许多欧盟国家都有法医实验室，但也需要更广泛的综合知识基础，这是基于基础研究Inacademia与法医专家在案例工作中的分析和应用之间的密切合作的基础。自然正义旨在优化fortaking和分析非人类痕迹的程序，以满足确定嫌疑人和受害者的不断增长的要求，并将其连接到不同地点，时间或行动方案。基于此的结果需要一种统计鲁棒性，该稳定性也将在盘问下持续下去。该提案旨在针对10名具有生命科学背景的博士学位学生。他们将在学术，非学术伙伴以及警察学院或实验室提供的培训学校中建立知识和经验。通过应用概率方法来从元数据中提取法医有用的信息，培训在贝叶斯框架中的生物学证据与所有其他形式的证据都具有普遍媲美。它是真正的跨部门，伴随着培训的呼吸器（例如警察部队）和PIS来自不同国家的联合监督。