TOXIC METALS--BIOLOGICAL/ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS

有毒金属——生物/环境影响

• 批准号: 2156761
• 负责人: KAREN E WETTERHAHN
• 金额: $ 146.83万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-05-01 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2156761
• 关键词: arsenic; chemical carcinogen; environmental contamination; environmental toxicology; heavy metals

The list of 22 chemicals of specific interest to the Superfund cleanup efforts provided to NIEHS by the EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency, contains eight metals: lead, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, zinc, copper, mercury, and nickel. Many human health problems, including cancer and heart/circulatory diseases, are linked to external exposure to toxic metals or disruption of normal cellular processes involving endogenous metals. The overall objectives of the Program Project Toxic Metals in the Northeast: From Biological to Environmental Implications are to understand, assess and attenuate the adverse effects on human health resulting from environmental exposure to the toxic metals lead, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, zinc, copper, mercury, nickel and iron. These toxic metals emanate from highly contaminated Superfund sites and lead to high levels of exposure to living organisms. Most of these same metals also are often found ubitquitously in low to moderate levels in the environment and lead to chronic low levels of exposure to living organisms. The combination of acute high level exposure to toxic metals coupled with chronic lower level exposure to toxic metals may result in unique biological and environmental consequences. The Program Project addresses these complex issues using a multidisciplinary approach. This Program Project consists of both biomedical and non-biomedical studies of toxic metals in the Northeast, and consists of 7 individual research projects (4 biomedical and 3 non-biomedical: biogeochemical; hydrogeological; ecological; and engineering) and 4 cores (Administrative Support Core, Molecular Biology Core, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) Core and Training Core). The participating faculty will create a unique intellectual interface among the various fields and thereby facilitate multidisciplinary integrated research and training. Biochemical and molecular biology studies (Project 1 - Induction of Oxidative Stress and Activation of Transcription Factors by Toxic Metals, Project 2 - Molecular Basis for Effects of Carcinogenic Metals on Inducible Gene Expression, and Project 3 - Effect of Toxic Metals on Heme Biosynthesis and Degradation in Hepatic and Erythroid Cells) and epidemiological studies (Project 4 - Epidemiology of Arsenic and Other Toxic Metals) will be directed toward elucidating the fundamental mechanisms of metal toxicity and measuring human exposure to toxic metals. The mechanisms of metal release and dispersion into the environment will be addressed using biogeochemical (Project 5 - Investigations of the Sources and Mobility of Lead and Cadmium in Soil, Soilwater, Groundwater and Vegetation in the Northeastern US.: Potential for Human Exposure), hydrogeological (Project 6 - Subsurface Transport and Fate of Cadmium, Arsenic, and Lead: Groundwater Flow and Chemical Speciation in Heterogeneous, Unconsolidated Geological Materials) and ecological (Project 7 - Variation in Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Metals in Lakes Throughout the Northeastern Region of the U.S.A.) approaches. Every Project will examine arsenic as well as other toxic metals. These studies should lead to significant new basic and applied research on metal toxicity and therefore should produce results that will lead to reduction of human exposure and reduction of human health risks due to toxic metals. The Training Core will produce a new kind of scientist, uniquely trained from a multidisciplinary approach, who will be able to tackle and solve future complex problems associated with environmental health.

超级基金清理的22种特定感兴趣的化学品列表 EPA固体废物和紧急情况办公室向NIEHS提供的努力， 包含八种金属：铅，铬，砷，镉，锌，铜， 水星和镍。 许多人类健康问题，包括癌症和 心脏/循环系统疾病与外部暴露有关 金属或涉及内源性的正常细胞过程的破坏 金属。 该计划项目的总体目标有毒金属 东北：从生物学到环境的影响是 了解，评估和减轻对人类健康的不利影响 由于环境暴露于有毒金属铅，铬， 砷，镉，锌，铜，汞，镍和铁。 这些有毒 金属从高度污染的超级基金站点散发出来，并导致高 接触生物体的水平。 这些同一金属也大多 通常在低到中等水平的情况下发现 环境并导致长期低水平的生活暴露 有机体。 急性高水平接触有毒金属的组合 再加上慢性较低水平暴露于有毒金属可能会导致 独特的生物学和环境后果。 程序项目 使用多学科方法解决这些复杂问题。 这 计划项目包括生物医学和非生物医学研究 东北的有毒金属，由7个个人研究组成 项目（4个生物医学和3个非生物医学：生物地球化学； 水文地质学；生态和工程）和4个核心（行政 支持核心，分子生物学核心，电感耦合等离子体质量 光谱仪（ICP-MS）核心和训练核心）。 参与的教师 将在各个领域之间创建独特的智力界面， 从而促进多学科综合研究和培训。 生化和分子生物学研究（项目1-诱导 有毒金属的氧化应激和转录因子激活， 项目2-致癌金对影响的分子基础 诱导基因表达和项目3-有毒金属对血红素的影响 肝和红细胞细胞中的生物合成和降解）和 流行病学研究（项目4-砷和其他的流行病学 有毒金属）将针对阐明基本 金属毒性的机制和测量人类暴露于毒性的机制 金属。 金属释放和分散的机制 环境将使用生物地球化学（项目5- 研究土壤中铅和镉的来源和迁移率， 美国东北部的土壤水，地下水和植被。 用于人类暴露），水文地质学（项目6-地下运输 以及镉，砷和铅的命运：地下水流和化学 异质，未固结地质材料的物种形成）和 生态学（项目7-生物积累和生物磁化的变化 整个美国东北地区湖泊中的金属） 方法。 每个项目都会检查砷以及其他有毒 金属。 这些研究应导致重要的新基本和应用 对金属毒性的研究，因此应产生的结果 导致人类暴露和减少人类健康风险的减少 由于有毒金属。 训练核心将产生一种新的 科学家，受到多学科方法的独特训练，谁将 能够解决并解决与之相关的未来复杂问题 环境健康。