Interfaces, Stability and Energy Efficiency: Photochemical Characterisation of Perovskites for Printable Photovoltaics

界面、稳定性和能源效率：可印刷光伏发电钙钛矿的光化学表征

• 批准号: EP/R016666/1
• 负责人: Matthew Lloyd Davies
• 金额: $ 12.82万
• 依托单位: Swansea University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FR016666%2F1
• 关键词: Interfaces; Stability; Energy; Efficiency; Photochemical

The clean generation of energy is the most important scientific and technological challenge that faces humankind in the 21st century. Concerns about climate change, energy independence, and depletion of non-renewable reserves, are pushing governments around the world to develop and implement alternative-energy policies and technologies. The development of low-cost, large area, stable photovoltaics is an absolute must to meet humankinds' current, growing, energy need. The current photovoltaic (PV) market, is dominated by crystalline silicon modules (> 85 % of the present PV market). Despite the recent substantial reductions in the manufacturing cost of mainstream silicon PV, there exists clear opportunities for PV technologies that promise either significant higher power energy conversion efficiencies (PCE) or significantly lower processing costs (both in financial and embodied energy terms). Perovskite-based solar cells, offer prospects on both fronts. Perovskite based solar cells are a relatively young technology, first reported in 2009, and have metaphorically opened the door to an exciting, new, highly efficient solid-state photovoltaic technology which could compete with silicon and thin film technologies that require vacuum deposition and/or expensive non-trivial processing. However, stability and lifetime issues must be understood and overcome to progress the field.Here we aim to look at the photochemistry and stability of printable perovskite photovoltaics with the aim to develop an understanding of materials that are suitable to manufacture at a large scale. This project will focus on developing a detailed understanding of the fundamental processes that govern the photoluminescence (PL) properties of perovskite materials. PL of perovskite thin-films is not as straightforward as initially thought highlighting the sometimes-surprising nature of these materials, here we attempt to unravel the PL data and discuss what this can tell us about these materials. We will study a series of perovskites via fluorescence microscopy (FM) coupled with an optical fibre spectrometer. This allows precise control of the measurement environment (temperature and atmosphere control) and provides information on the bulk and local photoluminescence (PL) and allows us to map the surface of the films and monitor the evolution of photoluminescence with time exposed to various controlled environments. Perovskite materials tend to be sensitive to air/moisture, light and oxygen. Molecular oxygen can be particularly problematic as photo-generated electrons at a semiconductor surface reduce oxygen to radical species and holes which are extremely reactive towards and can result in rapid degradation of devices. We aim to correlate the PL, and the changes in PL with time, with the overall PV device efficiency and stability. This is a rapid and straight forward screening method that does not need the manufacture of a complete device to evaluate and optimise the perovskite properties. This will provide much needed understanding of the stability of these devices and deliver a clear route for the optimisation and improvement of device stability.Time resolved PL provides vital information on the charge carrier kinetics and extraction (in the presence of charge selective contacts) which is a key indicator of performance. The aim is to achieve a global understanding of the charge carrier lifetime and extraction, achieved through a rigorous control of all the components of the absorber-charge selective contact interface, and an evaluation of the kinetics of charge transfer processes occurring through such interfaces. Charge contacts can then be designed/tailored to maximise conductivity, while minimising back electron transfer and recombination and thus improving device performance.

清洁能源发电是21世纪人类面临的最重要的科技挑战。对气候变化、能源独立和不可再生储量枯竭的担忧正在推动世界各国政府制定和实施替代能源政策和技术。发展低成本、大面积、稳定的光伏发电是满足人类当前不断增长的能源需求的绝对必要。当前光伏 (PV) 市场以晶体硅组件为主（占当前光伏市场的 85% 以上）。尽管最近主流硅光伏的制造成本大幅降低，但光伏技术仍存在明显的机遇，可以显着提高电能转换效率（PCE）或显着降低加工成本（无论是在财务方面还是在能源方面）。基于钙钛矿的太阳能电池在两个方面都具有前景。基于钙钛矿的太阳能电池是一项相对年轻的技术，于 2009 年首次报道，它为一种令人兴奋的、新型的、高效的固态光伏技术打开了大门，该技术可以与需要真空沉积和/或昂贵的、不平凡的处理。然而，必须了解并克服稳定性和寿命问题才能推动该领域的发展。在这里，我们的目标是研究可印刷钙钛矿光伏电池的光化学和稳定性，旨在加深对适合大规模制造的材料的了解。该项目将侧重于详细了解控制钙钛矿材料光致发光（PL）特性的基本过程。钙钛矿薄膜的 PL 并不像最初想象的那么简单，这突显了这些材料有时令人惊讶的性质，在这里我们尝试揭开 PL 数据并讨论这可以告诉我们有关这些材料的信息。我们将通过荧光显微镜（FM）和光纤光谱仪研究一系列钙钛矿。这允许精确控制测量环境（温度和气氛控制），并提供有关体和局部光致发光（PL）的信息，并允许我们绘制薄膜表面图并监测光致发光随暴露于各种受控环境的时间的演变。钙钛矿材料往往对空气/湿气、光和氧气敏感。分子氧可能尤其成问题，因为半导体表面的光生电子将氧还原成自由基物质和空穴，这些自由基物质和空穴对器件具有极强的反应性并可能导致器件快速退化。我们的目标是将 PL 以及 PL 随时间的变化与整体光伏设备效率和稳定性相关联。这是一种快速、直接的筛选方法，不需要制造完整的设备来评估和优化钙钛矿特性。这将为了解这些器件的稳定性提供急需的了解，并为优化和提高器件稳定性提供清晰的途径。时间分辨 PL 提供有关电荷载流子动力学和提取（在存在电荷选择性接触的情况下）的重要信息，这是绩效的关键指标。其目的是通过严格控制吸收剂-电荷选择性接触界面的所有组件以及评估通过此类界面发生的电荷转移过程的动力学来实现对电荷载流子寿命和提取的全面了解。然后可以设计/定制电荷接触以最大化电导率，同时最小化反向电子转移和复合，从而提高器件性能。

项目成果

Addressing the Stability of Lead Halide Perovskites

解决卤化铅钙钛矿的稳定性问题

• DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.025
• 发表时间: 2020-08-01
• 期刊: Joule
• 影响因子: 39.8
• 作者: M. Davies

Control of the distance between porphyrin sensitizers and the TiO2 surface in solar cells by designed anchoring groups

通过设计的锚定基团控制太阳能电池中卟啉敏化剂与TiO2表面之间的距离

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.074
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Molecular Structure
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Monteiro C

Sustainable solvent selection for the manufacture of methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite solar cells

用于制造甲基铵三碘化铅 (MAPbI 3 ) 钙钛矿太阳能电池的可持续溶剂选择

• DOI: http://dx.10.1039/d1gc00079a
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Green Chemistry
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Doolin A

Nitrogen/Carbon-Coated Zero-Valent Copper as Highly Efficient Co-catalysts for TiO2 Applied in Photocatalytic and Photoelectrocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

氮/碳包覆的零价铜作为高效 TiO2 助催化剂应用于光催化和光电催化制氢。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1021/acsami.0c06880
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: ACS applied materials & interfaces
• 影响因子: 9.5
• 作者: Ombaka LM

Improving the light harvesting and colour range of methyl ammonium lead tri-bromide (MAPbBr3) perovskite solar cells through co-sensitisation with organic dyes.

通过与有机染料共敏化改善甲基铵三溴化铅（MAPbBr3）钙钛矿太阳能电池的光捕获和颜色范围。

• DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07298a
• 发表时间: 2024-09-13
• 期刊: Chemical communications
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Tamara D. McFarlane;Catherine S. P. De Castro;P. Holliman;M. Davies
• 通讯作者: M. Davies