Bio-CO2: Power Generation and Heat Recovery from Biomass with Advanced CO2 Thermodynamic Power Cycles and Novel Heat Exchanger Designs

生物二氧化碳：利用先进的二氧化碳热力学动力循环和新颖的热交换器设计从生物质中发电和热回收

基本信息

批准号：
EP/R000298/3
负责人：
Yunting Ge
金额：
$ 4.77万
依托单位：
London South Bank University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FR000298%2F3
关键词：
Bio CO2 Power Generation Heat

项目摘要

In the UK, power generation is achieved mostly through the combustion of fossil fuels from remote power stations at a low-efficiency rate of 40%. This can lead to a large depletion of energy resources and pollution to environment. In reality, after taking into consideration long-distance power transmission and distribution losses, the generation efficiency tends to be further reduced to around 32% at the power supply end. To combat this problem, a local and decentralised combined heat and power (CHP) system may be used to attain not only 30% electrical efficiency but also over 50% heating efficiency, which would significantly improve the energy utilisation rate. In areas with simultaneous heating and electricity demand including supermarket and district heating, such systems would be a viable economic option. However, currently most CHP systems still require fossil fuel energy resources, which diminish both their energy-saving merit and potential CO2 emission reductions. Therefore, it would be highly desirable to promote the use of localised renewable resources, such as biomass fuels, with optimised CHP system engineering designs.Currently, there are two main biomass CHP systems: biomass gasification with gas/steam turbines and biomass combustion with Organic Rankin Cycles (ORC). However, these biomass CHP systems cannot be further developed or extensively applied before the resolution of certain critical issues. These include achieving an acceptable thermal efficiency, compact system size, environmentally-friendly working fluid, advanced thermodynamic power cycles, optimal system design and control, and flexible operation etc. On the other hand, for power generation with medium to high temperature heat sources, CO2 supercritical Brayton cycles (S-CO2) can predominate over conventional ORCs in terms of thermal efficiency, environmental impact and system compactness. The S-CO2 systems have been applied in large-scale waste heat recovery of nuclear power plants but have not yet been utilised in biomass power generations due to various unsettled challenges. In this proposed project, a small-scale biomass power generation system with advanced CO2 supercritical Brayton cycles and novel heat exchanger designs will be investigated experimentally and theoretically. The investigation will address the challenges involved in the proposed system including innovative designs of thermal drive CO2 supercritical compressors, precise CO2 parameter controls at the S-CO2 compressor inlet, novel designs of supercritical CO2 heat exchangers and comprehensive understanding of the complex heat transfer and hydraulic processes involved. In addition, a detailed transient model of the biomass S-CO2 power generation system will be developed which will enable the system to be further optimised and scaled up for actual design and operation.

在英国，发电主要通过偏远发电站燃烧化石燃料实现，效率低至40%。这会导致能源的大量枯竭和环境污染。现实中，考虑远距离输配电损耗后，供电端发电效率往往进一步降低至32%左右。为了解决这个问题，可以采用本地分散的热电联产（CHP）系统，不仅可以实现30%的电效率，而且可以实现50%以上的热效率，这将显着提高能源利用率。在同时存在供暖和电力需求的地区，包括超市和区域供暖，此类系统将是一种可行的经济选择。然而，目前大多数热电联产系统仍然需要化石燃料能源，这削弱了其节能优势和潜在的二氧化碳减排量。因此，迫切需要通过优化热电联产系统工程设计来促进生物质燃料等本地可再生资源的使用。目前，生物质热电联产系统主要有两种：燃气/蒸汽轮机生物质气化和有机物燃烧生物质。兰金循环（ORC）。然而，在某些关键问题得到解决之前，这些生物质热电联产系统无法进一步发展或广泛应用。其中包括达到可接受的热效率、紧凑的系统尺寸、环保的工质、先进的热力动力循环、优化的系统设计和控制以及灵活的运行等。另一方面，对于中高温热源发电，二氧化碳超临界布雷顿循环 (S-CO2) 在热效率、环境影响和系统紧凑性方面优于传统 ORC。 S-CO2系统已应用于大规模核电站余热回收，但由于各种尚未解决的挑战尚未应用于生物质发电。在该拟议项目中，将对具有先进二氧化碳超临界布雷顿循环和新型热交换器设计的小型生物质发电系统进行实验和理论研究。该研究将解决所提出的系统中涉及的挑战，包括热驱动CO2超临界压缩机的创新设计、S-CO2压缩机入口处的精确CO2参数控制、超临界CO2热交换器的新颖设计以及对复杂传热和水力的全面理解。涉及的流程。此外，还将开发生物质S-CO2发电系统的详细瞬态模型，这将使系统能够进一步优化和扩大规模以用于实际设计和运行。