Bio-CO2: Power Generation and Heat Recovery from Biomass with Advanced CO2 Thermodynamic Power Cycles and Novel Heat Exchanger Designs

生物二氧化碳：利用先进的二氧化碳热力学动力循环和新颖的热交换器设计从生物质中发电和热回收

基本信息

批准号：
EP/R000298/2
负责人：
Yunting Ge
金额：
$ 23.08万
依托单位：
University of South Wales
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FR000298%2F2
关键词：
Bio CO2 Power Generation Heat

项目摘要

In the UK, power generation is achieved mostly through the combustion of fossil fuels from remote power stations at a low-efficiency rate of 40%. This can lead to a large depletion of energy resources and pollution to environment. In reality, after taking into consideration long-distance power transmission and distribution losses, the generation efficiency tends to be further reduced to around 32% at the power supply end. To combat this problem, a local and decentralised combined heat and power (CHP) system may be used to attain not only 30% electrical efficiency but also over 50% heating efficiency, which would significantly improve the energy utilisation rate. In areas with simultaneous heating and electricity demand including supermarket and district heating, such systems would be a viable economic option. However, currently most CHP systems still require fossil fuel energy resources, which diminish both their energy-saving merit and potential CO2 emission reductions. Therefore, it would be highly desirable to promote the use of localised renewable resources, such as biomass fuels, with optimised CHP system engineering designs.Currently, there are two main biomass CHP systems: biomass gasification with gas/steam turbines and biomass combustion with Organic Rankin Cycles (ORC). However, these biomass CHP systems cannot be further developed or extensively applied before the resolution of certain critical issues. These include achieving an acceptable thermal efficiency, compact system size, environmentally-friendly working fluid, advanced thermodynamic power cycles, optimal system design and control, and flexible operation etc. On the other hand, for power generation with medium to high temperature heat sources, CO2 supercritical Brayton cycles (S-CO2) can predominate over conventional ORCs in terms of thermal efficiency, environmental impact and system compactness. The S-CO2 systems have been applied in large-scale waste heat recovery of nuclear power plants but have not yet been utilised in biomass power generations due to various unsettled challenges. In this proposed project, a small-scale biomass power generation system with advanced CO2 supercritical Brayton cycles and novel heat exchanger designs will be investigated experimentally and theoretically. The investigation will address the challenges involved in the proposed system including innovative designs of thermal drive CO2 supercritical compressors, precise CO2 parameter controls at the S-CO2 compressor inlet, novel designs of supercritical CO2 heat exchangers and comprehensive understanding of the complex heat transfer and hydraulic processes involved. In addition, a detailed transient model of the biomass S-CO2 power generation system will be developed which will enable the system to be further optimised and scaled up for actual design and operation.

在英国，发电量主要是通过偏远电力站的化石燃料燃烧，低效率为40％。这可能导致能源资源大量耗尽，并污染对环境。实际上，在考虑了长途电力传输和分配损失之后，电源端的发电效率往往会进一步降低至32％左右。为了解决这个问题，可以使用局部和分散的热量和功率（CHP）系统来实现30％的电效率，还可以实现超过50％的加热效率，这将显着提高能源利用率。在同时供暖和电力需求在内的地区，包括超市和地区供暖，这种系统将是可行的经济选择。但是，目前，大多数CHP系统仍需要化石燃料能源资源，这既降低了节能的功绩又减少了潜在的CO2排放。因此，具有优化的CHP系统工程设计的局部可再生资源（例如生物质燃料）的使用是非常可取的。目前，有两个主要的生物质CHP系统：具有气体/蒸汽轮机的生物质气化和具有有机Rankin Cycles（ORC）的生物质燃烧。但是，在解决某些关键问题之前，这些生物质CHP系统无法进一步开发或广泛应用。这些包括实现可接受的热效率，紧凑的系统尺寸，对环境友好的工作流体，高级热力学功率循环，最佳的系统设计和控制以及灵活的操作等，对于中等至高温源的发电，CO2超级热源的发电，超级危机的Brayton循环（S-CO2）可以超越常规效率的热能效率，而构成热量效率。 S-CO2系统已应用于核电站的大规模废热回收中，但由于各种尚未解决的挑战，尚未在生物质发电中使用。在这个拟议的项目中，将在实验和理论上研究具有先进的CO2超临界布雷顿周期和新型热交换器设计的小型生物质发电系统和新型热交换器设计。该研究将解决拟议系统中涉及的挑战，包括热驱动二氧化碳超临界压缩机的创新设计，S-CO2压缩机入口处的精确CO2参数控制，超临界二氧化碳热交换器的新型设计以及对复杂热传输和涉及的液压过程的全面了解。此外，将开发出生物量S-CO2发电系统的详细瞬态模型，该模型将使系统能够进一步优化并扩展到实际的设计和操作。