Emergency flood planning and management using unmanned aerial systems

使用无人机系统进行紧急洪水规划和管理

• 批准号: EP/P02839X/1
• 负责人: David Butler
• 金额: $ 190.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FP02839X%2F1
• 关键词: Emergency; flood; planning; management; using

Some 5 million people live in flood risk areas in England and Wales, with one in six homes at risk of flooding. In India, similar risks are present: over 40 million hectares (12% of India's land mass) are prone to flooding and river erosion. In this century, the economic losses resulting from damage caused by flooding far outweigh the costs associated with other natural disasters ($21bn in losses from 27 instances in the UK, and $39bn in losses from 128 instances in India). Furthermore, both the frequency and intensity of pluvial and fluvial flooding is expected to increase over time due to climate change - increasing flood risk, financial loss and (human) fatalities. The UK has well-developed emergency planning processes and procedures, and yet there have been a number of recent cases of flooding where the emergency evacuation process has been stretched to its limits and beyond (e.g. Cockermouth and Carlisle). Earlier this year, the Indian Parliament put forward a national action plan under the Disaster Management Act with the aim of substantially decreasing the loss of life, livelihoods and assets, by improving the country's response to disasters. The plan highlights the urgent need for improved (predictive) warning, risk and threat identification and policy assessment, evacuation planning, data collection, information dissemination, cooperation and effective management of the relief operation. At the heart of the management of these issues is developing a good knowledge of the underlying communities and their infrastructure and the state of these endangered systems at critical times, particularly during the onset and development of the flooding event. The deployment and management of unmanned aerial systems (either vertical take-off and landing quad-rotors or small fixed wing aircraft) and of their data product coupled with advanced model prediction capabilities would seem to be a challenging but promising way of supporting emergency planning and management and testing the predicted and actual effects of policy decisions.The project focuses on using instrumented unmanned aerial systems (UASs) to collect and collate pertinent information about an unfolding flooding disaster. The relative ease with which UASs can be deployed (often hand launched) to assess damage across large areas provides emergency responders with the opportunity to assess the situation quickly, allowing the prioritisation of resources and their effective deployment where they are required. One aspect of the research will focus on addressing the challenges associated with flying UASs in such (non-ideal) situations: for example maintaining performance during adverse weather conditions, during intermittent loss of communication with the base station, overcoming the loss of operator visuals, providing the ability to recover the vehicle without a runway and avoiding potential collisions with unexpected obstacles within the flight domain. The project will also consider how the data can be combined with accelerated flood inundation models to generate detailed evacuation plans, and to predict the nature and progress of the flooding to improve allocation of emergency resources, build community flood resilience, save lives and reduce economic damage. The strategy will take into account both the physicality of the flood event itself and the social structures which are subject to the flooding. The concepts will be practically realised by the creation of a prototype decision support system to allow on-the-ground decision makers in the UK and India emergency coordination teams, or government agencies, to better understand the consequences of flooding to help them make timely and better informed decisions. We will also focus on engaging users and building capacity in India and the UK to integrate the use of UASs effectively into current flood response frameworks in a structured way to maximise the benefits they can provide.

约有500万人居住在英格兰和威尔士的洪水风险地区，其中六个房屋有洪水泛滥。在印度，存在类似的风险：超过4000万公顷（占印度土地的12％）容易洪水和河流侵蚀。在本世纪，由于洪水造成的损害造成的经济损失远远超过与其他自然灾害相关的成本（英国27个实例的损失为210亿美元，与印度128个实例相比，损失了390亿美元）。此外，由于气候变化，洪水和河流洪水的频率和强度都预计会随着时间的流逝而增加 - 增加了洪水风险，金融损失和（人类）死亡。英国已经开发了紧急计划的过程和程序，但是最近有许多洪水案件，紧急撤离过程已延伸到其限制范围内（例如科克茅斯和卡莱尔）。今年早些时候，印度议会根据《灾难管理法》提出了一项国家行动计划，目的是通过改善该国对灾难的反应来大大减少生命损失，生计和资产。该计划强调了迫切需要改进（预测）警告，风险和威胁识别和政策评估，疏散计划，数据收集，信息传播，合作以及对救济操作的有效管理。这些问题管理的核心是在关键时期，尤其是在洪水事件的发作和发展期间，对基础社区及其基础设施以及这些濒临灭绝的系统的状态发展有良好的了解。无人机的部署和管理（垂直起飞和降落四轮驱动器或小型固定翼飞机）及其数据产品以及高级模型预测能力的结合似乎是一种具有挑战性但有希望的方式，可以支持紧急计划和管理，并在政策上进行预测和实际影响。 灾难。可以在大面积区域中部署UASS（通常是手动发射）的相对容易性，这为紧急响应者提供了迅速评估情况的机会，从而使资源及其有效部署的优先级列出。研究的一个方面将重点介绍在这种（非理想）情况下与飞行UASS相关的挑战：例如，在不利天气条件下，在与基站的间歇性丧失期间保持绩效，克服了操作员视觉效果的丧失，从而能够在没有跑道的情况下恢复车辆并避免在飞行中遇到意外的障碍，并提供了往返的能力。该项目还将考虑如何将数据与加速洪水淹没模型结合起来，以生成详细的疏散计划，并预测洪水的性质和进步，以改善紧急资源的分配，建立社区洪水弹性，挽救生命并减少经济损失。该策略将考虑到洪水事件本身的身体和受洪水的社会结构的物理性。这些概念将通过创建原型决策支持系统来实现这些概念，以允许英国和印度紧急协调团队或政府机构的现场决策者更好地理解洪水的后果，以帮助他们及时，及时地做出明智的决策。我们还将专注于吸引用户和在印度和英国建立能力，以一种结构化的方式将UASS有效地整合到当前的洪水响应框架中，以最大程度地利用其提供的利益。

项目成果

Vision based robust autonomous landing of a quadrotor on a moving target

基于视觉的四旋翼飞行器在移动目标上的鲁棒自主着陆

• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Field Robotics
• 影响因子: 8.3
• 作者: Gautam A

Macroscopic model-based swarm guidance for a class of contaminant tracking applications

• DOI: 10.1080/00207179.2020.1833250
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: International Journal of Control
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Meysam Ghanavati;A. Chakravarthy;P. Menon

Towards more effective strategies to reduce property level flood risk: standardising the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

• DOI: 10.2166/aqua.2020.093
• 发表时间: 2020-12-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Casado, Monica Rivas;Leinster, Paul
• 通讯作者: Leinster, Paul

Emergency flood evacuation route modelling: A pilot case study

紧急洪水疏散路线建模：试点案例研究

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Gurusamy, S.

Planning of alternative street routes in urban areas during floods

洪水期间城市地区替代街道路线的规划

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Kashyap A