Challenging RISK: Achieving Resilience by Integrating Societal and Technical Knowledge

挑战风险：通过整合社会和技术知识实现弹性

• 批准号: EP/K022377/1
• 负责人: Tiziana Rossetto
• 金额: $ 208.18万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FK022377%2F1
• 关键词: Challenging; RISK; Achieving; Resilience; Integrating

This project is concerned with socially integrated mitigation of multiple structural risks in the urban environment, with a focus on the linked risks of earthquake and fire. Fire is the largest contributor to building damage following earthquakes. To date, this research area has largely been ignored as it crosses the boundaries between the knowledge areas of earthquake and fire safety engineering. The combination of factors adds to the challenges in risk estimation already existing in each distinct area. There is currently no universally accepted method for accounting for the effect of strengthening practices on building vulnerability to earthquakes (let alone earthquakes followed by fire). In the case of fire safety engineering, few credible techniques for damage estimation or risk-based design currently exist due to a lack of requisite input data. This project will develop, through large scale structural testing and computational analysis, new technical engineering solutions to these problems. And, for the first time, these technical engineering solutions will be developed explicitly accounting for the social context within which they are to be enacted. 21st Century engineering must provide effective and practical multi-hazard risk mitigation solutions against a background of growing urbanisation, overstretched services and vulnerable infrastructure. Thus, Challenging RISK will develop and holistically optimise strategies for the mitigation of multi-hazard risks, leading to resilient physical infrastructure within local communities. It proposes fundamental engineering research leading to new understanding of the response of existing concrete structures to earthquake and fire, with a long-term view to extend the lessons learned to other hazards. Simultaneously, it will design and implement effective mitigation promotion campaigns by extending existing research on individual and societal risk perception to community level through adoption of participatory citizen science techniques. The interaction with communities, local authorities and construction industry, will also feed back into the experimental programme, such that only structural strengthening options that meet the requirements of these stakeholders will be investigated. Our ultimate goal is to increase the uptake of structural and non-structural mitigation measures, resulting in reduced life and economic losses.We will produce new knowledge on the performance of existing reinforced concrete structures subjected to earthquake and fire hazards (individually and in sequence), with the aim of developing an integrated framework for performance-based assessment and structural mitigation. We will engage with communities to define "acceptable" performances, inform the technical programme and the means for effective implementation. Large-scale experimental studies will be carried out on structural elements and sub-assemblages representing non-seismically designed buildings that have been strengthened for improved seismic response using fibre reinforced polymers (FRP). The elements will be subjected to seismic loads and then to fire (and vice-versa). They will provide information for the design of FRP strengthening to achieve multiple performance states under the fire and earthquake loads. In parallel, action-oriented research, where interventions are carried out at both the technical and social levels, will be used to develop an understanding of risk perception and representation of fire and seismic risk at the individual and community levels, with specific interventions carried out in London, Seattle, and Osaka. This will be done, for example, through seismic monitoring combined with perceptions surveys using smartphones, and recording fire risks and incidents using social media. The results of this part of the study will assist in the development of effective communication to raise awareness, leading to action.

该项目与城市环境中多种结构风险的社会综合减轻有关，重点是地震和火灾的联系风险。大火是地震后建造损害的最大贡献者。迄今为止，由于地震和消防安全工程的知识领域之间的边界，该研究领域被忽略了。因素的组合增加了每个不同领域中已经存在的风险估计中的挑战。目前，尚无普遍接受的方法来考虑加强实践对建立地震脆弱性的影响（更不用说地震后发生火灾了）。在消防安全工程的情况下，由于缺乏必要的输入数据，目前几乎没有用于损害估计或基于风险的设计的可靠技术。该项目将通过大规模的结构测试和计算分析开发这些问题的新技术工程解决方案。而且，这些技术工程解决方案将首次开发，以明确考虑将要制定的社会环境。 21世纪的工程必须提供有效且实用的多危险风险缓解解决方案，这些解决方案的背景是不断增长的城市化，过度拉伸的服务和脆弱的基础设施。因此，具有挑战性的风险将发展并整体优化缓解多危险风险的策略，从而导致当地社区内部的弹性物理基础设施。它提出了基本的工程研究，从而使人们对现有混凝土结构对地震和火灾的反应有了新的了解，并长期认为将教训扩展到其他危害。同时，它将通过采用参与性公民科学技术将现有的对个人和社会风险感知的研究扩展到社区水平，设计和实施有效的缓解促进运动。与社区，地方当局和建筑行业的互动也将反馈到实验计划中，以便将研究满足这些利益相关者要求的结构增强选择。我们的最终目标是增加结构性和非结构性缓解措施的吸收，从而减少生活和经济损失。我们将对现有的钢筋混凝土结构的性能产生新的知识，该结构受到地震和火灾危害（单独和依次），其目的是为基于绩效的评估和结构的整体框架而建立一个目标。我们将与社区互动，以定义“可接受的”表演，告知技术计划以及有效实施的手段。大规模的实验研究将对代表非透视设计的建筑物进行的结构元素和亚汇编进行，这些建筑物已得到加强，以改善使用纤维增强聚合物（FRP）的地震反应。这些元素将承受地震载荷，然后发射（反之亦然）。他们将提供有关FRP加强设计的信息，以在火灾和地震负载下实现多个性能状态。同时，以行动为导向的研究在技术和社会层面上都进行了干预措施，将使用在个人和社区层面上对火灾感知和对火和地震风险表示的理解，并在伦敦，西雅图和奥萨卡进行特定的干预措施。例如，通过地震监测以及使用智能手机的感知调查以及使用社交媒体录制火灾风险和事件来实现这一点。这部分研究的结果将有助于发展有效的沟通以提高认识，从而采取行动。

项目成果

Selected Modern Methods and Tools for Public Participation in Urban Planning - A Review

公众参与城市规划的现代方法和工具精选——综述

• DOI: 10.2478/quageo-2018-0030
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Quaestiones Geographicae
• 影响因子: 1
• 作者: Haklay M

Exploring new ways of digital engagement: a study on how mobile mapping and applications can contribute to disaster preparedness

探索数字参与的新方式：关于移动测绘和应用程序如何促进备灾的研究

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Fagg G

Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering

地震工程百科全书

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_249-1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Ioannou I

Citizen Science & Geographical Technologies: creativity, learning, and engagement.

公民科学

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Haklay M

The Potential of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Future Transport Systems

• DOI: 10.17645/up.v1i4.612
• 发表时间: 2016-01-01
• 期刊: URBAN PLANNING
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Attard, Maria;Haklay, Muki;Capineri, Cristina
• 通讯作者: Capineri, Cristina