EPICENTRE - Earthquake and People Interaction Centre

EPICENTER - 地震与人员互动中心

• 批准号: EP/F012179/1
• 负责人: Tiziana Rossetto
• 金额: $ 114.12万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FF012179%2F1
• 关键词: EPICENTRE; Earthquake; People; Interaction; Centre

Earthquake risk is composed of three elements: Hazard, Vulnerability and Exposure. Good understanding, representation and modelling of all three elements are necessary in order to produce useful and reliable human and economic loss estimates. Governments require such estimates to make decisions as to if and how to intervene to mitigate potential earthquake induced losses, and where to locate critical facilities or emergency resources to ensure effective post-disaster relief and recovery. However, existing loss estimation methodologies limit their scope of hazard assessment to ground shaking effects, adopt unreliable models of building damage and vulnerability that are practically disregarded in the estimation of human losses for which only coarse estimation tools exist. Shortly after arriving at UCL the PI began to set up a new concept in earthquake engineering research in which the importance of vulnerability of people in such disasters was included in the engineering consideration of the problem. Through interactions with government, industry, NGOs and other academics this has become tangible in the form of the highly multidisciplinary Earthquake and People Interaction Centre (EPICENTRE). The Centre has developed its own specialised MSc course (due to start in September 2007) and this proposal is designed to provide the seed funding for a number of initiating studies to inspire the research side of the Centre's activities. The Challenging Engineering funding will enable the applicant to bring together a multidisciplinary group of researchers (earthquake engineers, social scientists, coastal engineers and statisticians) to address gaps in knowledge in each of the components of the 'normal' risk equation with the aim of extending the scope of its application of this equation and providing decision makers with better guidance for where and how to invest to mitigate earthquake losses. In particular three research topics will be addressed: violent flow (tsunami) loss prediction, human loss estimation in earthquakes and building seismic damage assessment. These initial studies will form the core of the early research development of the Centre and provide a starting focus to enable it to thrive through further funding initiatives. At the end of the Challenging Engineering funding the Centre will be a research-intensive actively-disseminating centre of excellence in the UK for twenty-first century earthquake engineering.

地震风险由三个要素组成：危害，脆弱性和暴露。为了产生有用且可靠的人类和经济损失估算，需要良好理解，代表和建模。政府要求这样的估计来决定是否以及如何干预以减轻潜在的地震造成的损失，以及在哪里找到关键的设施或紧急资源，以确保有效的污水爆炸后救济和恢复。但是，现有的损失估计方法将其危险评估范围限制为地面摇动效果，采用不可靠的建筑物损害和脆弱性模型，这些模型在估计人类损失时实际上被忽略了，而人类损失仅存在粗略估计工具。到达UCL后不久，PI开始在地震工程研究中建立一个新的概念，在该问题中包括人们在此类灾难中的脆弱性的重要性。通过与政府，工业，非政府组织和其他学者的互动，这已经以高度多学科的地震和人互动中心（Epicenter）的形式变得有形。该中心已经开发了自己的专业MSC课程（将于2007年9月开始），该建议旨在为许多启动研究提供种子资金，以激发该中心活动的研究方面。具有挑战性的工程资金将使申请人能够将一个多学科的研究人员（地震工程师，社会科学家，沿海工程师和统计学家）汇集在一起​​，以解决“正常”风险方程组成部分的知识差距，目的是将其应用于该方程式的范围，并为越来越多的投资范围提供更多的投资范围，以扩大其应用程序的范围。特别是将解决三个研究主题：暴力流（海啸）损失预测，地震中的人类损失估计以及建立地震损害评估。这些最初的研究将构成该中心早期研究开发的核心，并提供了开始重点，以使其能够通过进一步的资金计划蓬勃发展。在具有挑战性的工程资金结束时，该中心将是一个研究密集型截止的英国卓越中心，用于二十世纪地震工程。

项目成果

Physical Modelling of Violent Flows and their Impact using a New Tsunami Generator

使用新型海啸发生器对剧烈水流及其影响进行物理建模

• 作者: Ingrid Charvet (Author)

Antimonies in the social representation of earthquakes in three highly seismic zones

三个高震区地震社会表征中的锑

• 作者: Helene Joffe (Author)

Structural Vulnerability Assessments under Natural Hazards

自然灾害下的结构脆弱性评估

• 作者: D. Vamvatsikos (Author)

Multi-disciplinary Indicators for Evaluating the Seismic Resilience of Urban Areas

评估城市地区抗震能力的多学科指标

• 作者: Enrica Verrucci (Author)

How People Behave in Anticipation of and During Earthquakes: A Review of the Social Science Literature on What Drives this Behaviour

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: C. Solberg;H. Joffe;T. Rossetto