FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL AUDITORY SYSTEM

中央听觉系统的功能组织

• 批准号: 3394237
• 负责人: MICHAEL M MERZENICH
• 金额: $ 31.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1978
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1978-07-01 至 1995-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3394237
• 关键词: Aotus; Callithricidae; Macaca mulatta; auditory cortex; auditory discrimination; auditory pathways; auditory stimulus; auditory tracking; behavior modification; behavioral habituation /sensitization; brain mapping; electrophysiology; electrostimulus; experimental brain lesion; laboratory rat; microelectrodes; neocortex; neural plasticity; somesthetic sensory cortex; stimulus /response; touch

The principal objective of this Javits' Grant renewal research will be to document the distributed, selective responses of cortical neurons and cortical cell assemblies driven to change by training adult monkeys at simple spatial, temporal and time-sequenced behaviors at which these monkeys' behaviorally measured capabilities progressively improve with practice. These studies constitute a direct investigation of cortical network mechanisms that account for its contributions to learning and nondeclarative memory. Studies conducted in the current grant period have shown that the adaptive operations of the cortical network machinery can only be understood by their study on the level of distributed representations across the behaviorally engaged cortical sector. That is the case because a) behaviorally important inputs drive changes in positively coupled cortical cell assemblies that can only be reconstructed from a fine-grained, distributed sample; and because b) we have been able to account for gains in discrimination abilities with training only by reconstructing selective neuronal responses all across the cortical network region engaged by behaviorally important inputs. In continuation, we shall more intensively apply chronic recording methods that have been developed in the current grant period to derive a dense neuron response sample (100- 150 micron interelectrode spacing) over 0.5-1.0mm2 cortical zones. These chronic dense-sample microelectrode recording arrays will be implanted in adult monkeys or marmosets who have been trained in a somatosensory or auditory behavioral task, respectively. With the arrays in place and after a baseline period, the learned behavior will be shifted to previously untrained skin locations or frequencies that directly engage the cortical network sector being sampled. The distributed a) selective responses of cortical neurons, b) responses to behaviorally important stimuli, c) changes in coupling of neurons forming dynamic cortical cell assemblies, and d) responses related to behavioral contingencies will all be tracked day by day. Cortical network sectors in somatosensory cortical fields 3b and 1 and in the primary auditory cortical field A-1 will be challenged by stimuli varying systematically in their spatial, temporal and intensive structures, as well as by simple temporally-sequenced, continuously-moving and apparently-moving somatosensory stimuli and (from the perspective of these cortical networks) their auditory time-varying spectral equivalents. These studies are among the most important to be conducted in integrative neuroscience because they strike directly at determining the fundamental processes in the neocortex that underlie its contributions to behavior. They provide a direct challenge to conventional studies of these cortical areas, and should contribute significantly to carrying studies in these sensory domains to a higher and more effective experimental level. As dynamic machinery of the neocortex comes to be progressively better understood, we gain progressively deeper insights into the functional illnesses attributable to its malfunction, and into its remarkable capacities for functional self-repair. And as these basic cortical network response data come from these studies, we are refining neural network models that will almost certainly evolve into the general theory of neocortical function.

这项Javits的赠款更新研究的主要目标是 记录皮质神经元的分布式，选择性响应 皮质细胞组件通过训练成年猴子而改变 这些简单的空间，时间和时间序列的行为 猴子的行为测量能力逐渐提高 实践。 这些研究构成了皮质的直接研究 解释其对学习的贡献的网络机制 非核心记忆。 在当前赠款期间进行的研究已有 表明皮质网络机械的自适应操作可以 仅通过他们对分布式水平的研究才能理解 行为参与的皮质部门的表示。 那是 情况是因为a）行为上重要的输入驱动变化 只能重建的正耦合皮质细胞组件 来自细粒度的分布样品；而且因为b）我们已经能够 仅通过培训来解释歧视能力的收益 在整个皮质网络中重建选择性神经元反应 由行为重要的投入参与的地区。 在继续，我们将 更强烈地应用已经开发的慢性记录方法 在当前的赠款期间，用于得出密集的神经元反应样本（100- 150微米间间距）超过0.5-1.0mm2皮层区域。 这些 慢性致密样本微电极记录阵列将植入 在体感或 听觉行为任务分别。 阵列到位和之后 一个基准时期，学习的行为将转移到以前 未经训练的皮肤位置或直接接合皮质的频率 进行采样网络部门。 分布式a）选择性响应 皮质神经元，b）对行为重要刺激的反应，c） 形成动态皮质细胞组件的神经元耦合的变化， d）将跟踪与行为突发事件有关的响应 天天。 体感皮质场中的皮质网络扇区3B 1，在主要的听觉皮质场中，A-1将受到挑战 刺激在其空间，暂时性和密集程度上有系统地变化 结构以及简单的时间序列，不断移动 显然正在移动体感刺激和（从 这些皮质网络）它们的听觉时间变化的光谱当量。 这些研究是在综合中进行的最重要的研究之一 神经科学是因为它们直接在确定基本 新皮层中的过程是其对行为的贡献的基础。 它们为这些皮质的传统研究提供了直接的挑战 领域，应该为携带这些研究做出重大贡献 感觉域达到更高，更有效的实验水平。 作为 新皮层的动态机制变得更好 理解，我们逐渐深入了解功能 归因于其故障的疾病，并成为非凡的疾病 功能自我修复的能力。 作为这些基本的皮质网络 响应数据来自这些研究，我们正在完善神经网络 几乎肯定会演变成一般理论的模型 新皮质功能。