Development of an integrated multi-petal pollinator attractant

综合多瓣授粉引诱剂的开发

基本信息

批准号：
BB/V000314/1
负责人：
Beverley Jane Glover
金额：
$ 85.43万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV000314%2F1
关键词：
Development integrated multi petal pollinator

项目摘要

We are interested in understanding how very complex structures are formed, and how the signals that cause them to develop are integrated across different tissues and organs of a plant.Daisies are very complex structures. While they might appear to be simple flowers, a closer look reveals that they are neither simple, nor flowers. A daisy is a structure composed of many very small flowers, arranged together in a group that looks like one large flower. Many daisy species produce 2 types of flowers. Around the outside of the daisy head (the "capitulum") are bilaterally symmetrical flowers, in which some of the petals are absent and some are fused to make a long strap shaped structure (these "ligules" are the structures that you would assume are the petals if a daisy were really a simple flower). Inside these are spirals of small radially symmetrical flowers which have 5 tiny petals each. The whole inflorescence works together to mimic a single large flower.However, some daisies are even more complex. The South African daisy Gorteria diffusa makes spots on some of its outer flowers, and these mimic the fly that is the main pollinator. Male flies are tricked into thinking the spots are female flies, and they visit the daisies to find mates, even attempting to copulate with the spots. For this system to work, the spots have to be very convincing mimics of female flies, and this requires very detailed coordination and integration of developmental signalling in 3 ways, which we will explore in this project.First, the spots have to be positioned on only a subset of outer flowers, and that positioning has to be convincingly random in appearance. We will use a combination of approaches, including sequencing of all the genes expressed in developing daisies and comparing varieties with different patterns of spots, to explore the signalling that determines which outer flowers produce spots.Second, the spots have to develop right across the ligule, which is actually formed from 4 fused petals. The outer 2 petals must have matching mirror image spot edges, which join seamlessly to the spot centre across the 2 inner petals. We will use laser microdissection to understand how this developmental integration is controlled across organ boundaries.Third, the spot is composed of multiple cell types which must each be positioned correctly with respect to one another. We will use molecular biology approaches to identify the master regulators which specify spot development and coordinate the production of these cell types.Taken together our data will provide exciting insights into a very complex developmental problem, while also shedding light on a highly unusual pollination system.

我们有兴趣了解如何形成非常复杂的结构，以及导致其发展的信号如何整合在植物的不同组织和器官之间。Daisies是非常复杂的结构。虽然它们似乎是简单的花朵，但仔细的外观表明它们既不简单，也不是花。雏菊是一个由许多非常小的花组成的结构，在看起来像一朵大花的一组中排列在一起。许多雏菊物种产生了两种花。雏菊头的外部周围（“ sud脚”）是双侧对称的花朵，其中一些花瓣不存在，有些花融合融合成长皮带形结构（这些“ Ligules”是您假设的结构是花瓣如果雏菊真的是一朵简单的花）。内部是小的径向对称花的螺旋，每个花朵都有5个小花瓣。整个花序都可以合作地模仿一朵大花。但是，有些雏菊更复杂。南非雏菊Gorteria diffusa在其某些外花上斑点，这些模仿苍蝇是主要的授粉媒介。雄性苍蝇被欺骗以为斑点是女性苍蝇，他们拜访雏菊寻找伴侣，甚至试图与斑点交配。为了使该系统起作用，这些斑点必须非常令人信服地模仿女性苍蝇，这需要以三种方式进行非常详细的协调和发展信号的整合，我们将在该项目中探索。只有一部分外花，而定位的外观必须令人信服。我们将使用多种方法的组合，包括在发展雏菊中表达的所有基因的测序以及与斑点不同模式的品种进行比较，以探索确定哪些外花产生斑点的信号传导。，实际上是由4个融合花瓣形成的。外部2花瓣必须具有匹配的镜像斑点边缘，它们在两个内部花瓣上无缝连接到点中心。我们将使用激光显微解剖来了解如何在器官边界控制这种发展整合。三个位置由多种细胞类型组成，每个单元格类型都必须彼此正确定位。我们将使用分子生物学方法来识别指定斑点开发并协调这些细胞类型的生产的主要调节剂。汇总我们的数据将为一个非常复杂的发育问题提供令人兴奋的见解，同时还阐明了高度不寻常的授粉系统。