Biofortification with Zinc and Iron for Eliminating Deficiency in Pakistan (BiZIFED2)

巴基斯坦利用锌和铁进行生物强化以消除缺乏症 (BiZIFED2)

• 批准号: BB/S013989/1
• 负责人: Nicola Lowe
• 金额: $ 213.58万
• 依托单位: University of Central Lancashire
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FS013989%2F1
• 关键词: Biofortification; Zinc; Iron; Eliminating; Deficiency

Zinc and iron deficiencies are a global public health problem, with the greatest burden occurring in low and middle-income countries. In Pakistan, over 40% of women are zinc deficient and over 20% have iron deficiency anaemia. These micronutrient deficiencies have negative consequences for maternal and child health, and it is imperative that sustainable and cost-effective solutions are found.The project will investigate the potential of biofortification to reduce zinc and iron deficiencies in Pakistan. Biofortification is a process by which the nutritional quality of food crops is improved through conventional plant breeding techniques and addition of nutrient-rich fertilisers. HarvestPlus has developed a variety of wheat with significantly greater zinc and iron concentrations, compared to standard varieties. Wheat is the staple crop in Pakistan and most families consume chapatis (made from wheat flour) with every meal. Therefore, we believe that biofortified flour may benefit communities who cannot afford to consume a diverse range of foods.The project has three main components, to be delivered over two years. The first component is a randomised controlled trial effectiveness study, to assess the impact of consuming biofortified flour on zinc and iron status. The participants will be 500 adolescent girls (aged 10-16 years) and 500 children (aged 1-5 years) living in a low-resource community in North West Pakistan. In phase 1 (months 1-6), the participants and their families will consume their usual locally purchased flour. The cost of the flour will be reimbursed as an incentive to participate in the study. In phase 2 (months 7-12), they will consume either biofortified flour (intervention group) or standard flour (control group), both of which will be grown locally. The participants will be randomly allocated to the intervention or control group and they will not know which flour they are consuming (nor will the research team). A range of biochemical measures will be taken to assess the impact of consuming biofortified flour on zinc and iron status. We will also record the incidence of diarrhoea and upper respiratory tract infections (in children), which are known to be associated with zinc deficiency.The second component focuses on understanding wheat growing conditions in Pakistan, and supporting farmers to improve the yield and grain quality of biofortified wheat. Variations in soil fertility and grain quality will be mapped across Punjab Province, where 80% of Pakistan's wheat is grown. Computer modelling techniques will be used to predict which soil properties (e.g. soil organic matter, fertility) and management options would lead to optimal zinc concentrations in the wheat grain. Cost-benefit analyses will be conducted for different scenarios, such as standard vs. biofortified wheat, addition of zinc fertilisers, improved soil organic inputs etc.The third component focuses on promoting the sustainable production and consumption of biofortified wheat in Pakistan. Mixed methods will be used to explore the views and perspectives of farmers (wheat producers) and community members (wheat flour consumers) to understand what factors influence their decisions to adopt biofortified wheat or not. Participants will be recruited from marginalised communities, who often have the poorest diets and may not access other types of nutrition interventions such as centralised flour fortification. The wheat market system in Pakistan will be mapped through consultations with a range of stakeholders. This information will be used to develop and pilot interventions to promote the sustainable production and consumption of biofortified wheat.As well as intensive communication activities with farmers and consumer, findings will be disseminated to researchers, policy makers, donors, world-wide, through a comprehensive Pathways-to-Impact activities.

锌和铁不足是一个全球公共卫生问题，负担最大，在低收入国家和中等收入国家中。在巴基斯坦，超过40％的妇女缺乏锌，超过20％的女性缺乏贫血。这些微量营养素的缺陷对孕产妇和儿童健康产生负面影响，并且必须找到可持续性和成本效益的解决方案。该项目将调查生物强化的潜力，以减少巴基斯坦的锌和铁不足。生物强化是一个过程，通过传统的植物育种技术和添加富含营养的肥料，可以改善食品作物的营养质量。与标准品种相比，HarvestPlus开发了各种小麦，其锌和铁浓度明显更高。小麦是巴基斯坦的主食，大多数家庭每顿饭都会食用煎饼（由小麦粉制成）。因此，我们认为，生物装饰面粉可能会使无法负担多种食品的社区有益。该项目具有三个主要组成部分，可以在两年内交付。第一个组成部分是一项随机对照试验效率研究，以评估消耗生物配面粉对锌和铁状态的影响。参与者将是500名青春期女孩（10-16岁）和500名儿童（1-5岁），居住在巴基斯坦西北部的一个低资源社区中。在第1阶段（1-6个月）中，参与者及其家人将消费通常的本地购买面粉。面粉的成本将被报销，以激励参与研究。在第2阶段（第7-12个月）中，他们将消费生物配置面粉（干预组）或标准面粉（对照组），这两种面粉将在本地种植。参与者将随机分配给干预或对照组，他们将不知道他们正在消耗哪种面粉（研究小组也不会）。将采取一系列的生化措施来评估消耗生物配置面粉对锌和铁状态的影响。我们还将记录腹泻和上呼吸道感染的发生率（在儿童中），已知与锌缺乏有关。第二部分的重点是理解巴基斯坦的小麦生长条件，并支持农民提高生物配料小麦的产量和谷物质量。旁遮普省将绘制土壤肥力和谷物质量的变化，巴基斯坦80％的小麦种植。计算机建模技术将用于预测哪些土壤特性（例如土壤有机物，生育能力）和管理方案将导致小麦谷物的最佳锌浓度。将针对不同情况进行成本效益分析，例如标准与生物生物生物生物的小麦，添加锌肥料，改善的土壤有机输入等。第三个组成部分着重于促进巴基斯坦生物饮食小麦的可持续生产和消费。混合方法将用于探索农民（小麦生产者）和社区成员（小麦面粉消费者）的观点和观点，以了解哪些因素会影响他们采用生物约束的小麦的决定。参与者将从边缘化的社区中招募，他们经常饮食最差，可能无法获得其他类型的营养干预措施，例如集中面粉强化。巴基斯坦的小麦市场系统将通过与一系列利益相关者的磋商进行映射。该信息将用于制定和试点干预措施，以促进生物生物生物生物的小麦的可持续生产和消费。以及与农民和消费者的密集沟通活动，通过一项全面的影响力活动，将向研究人员，政策制定者，捐助者（全球捐助者）传播发现。

项目成果

Acceptability of zinc biofortified wheat and flour among farmers in Pakistan: experiences from the BiZiFED2 project

巴基斯坦农民对锌生物强化小麦和面粉的接受度：BiZiFED2 项目的经验

• DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122002117
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
• 影响因子: 7
• 作者: Ceballos-Rasgado M

Impact of consuming zinc-biofortified wheat flour on the growth and morbidity status of children aged 1-5 years: a cluster-randomised, double-blind, controlled trial

食用锌生物强化小麦粉对 1-5 岁儿童生长和发病状况的影响：整群随机、双盲、对照试验

• DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123003798
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
• 影响因子: 7
• 作者: Gupta S

Impact of consuming zinc-biofortified wheat flour on the growth and morbidity status of adolescent girls: a cluster randomised, double blind, controlled trial

食用锌生物强化小麦粉对青春期女孩生长和发病状况的影响：整群随机、双盲、对照试验

• DOI: 10.1017/s002966512200204x
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
• 影响因子: 7
• 作者: Gupta S

The Impact of Consuming Zinc-Biofortified Wheat Flour on Haematological Indices of Zinc and Iron Status in Adolescent Girls in Rural Pakistan: A Cluster-Randomised, Double-Blind, Controlled Effectiveness Trial.

• DOI: 10.3390/nu14081657
• 发表时间: 2022-04-15
• 期刊: Nutrients
• 影响因子: 5.9

Farmers' and millers' experiences and attitudes towards the production and processing of zinc biofortified wheat in Pakistan: a mixed methods study.

• DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1158156
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Ceballos-Rasgado, Marena;Ajmal, Subhan;Mahboob, Usman;Ander, E. Louise;Zia, Munir;Moran, Victoria Hall;Joy, Edward J. M.;Zaman, Mukhtiar;Ohly, Heather;Lowe, Nicola M.
• 通讯作者: Lowe, Nicola M.