DEVELOPING RICE STRAW FOR ANIMAL FEED

开发用于动物饲料的稻草

• 批准号: BB/P022499/1
• 负责人: Simon McQueen-Mason
• 金额: $ 71.89万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FP022499%2F1
• 关键词: DEVELOPING; RICE; STRAW; ANIMAL; FEED

Hundreds of millions of tons of rice straw and husks are burned in the field every year simply to get rid of them. This combustion causes very bad air quality through the release of black carbon particles, methane (and larger volatile compounds), carbon monoxide and the generation of ozone. Between them, these emissions cause respiratory illness and premature death in exposed populations, significant losses in crop yield due to the toxic effects of ozone and shading by black carbon, and increased global warming, especially due to methane and black carbon. All of these negative impacts are avoidable if alternative uses for rice straw can be found. Rice straw currently finds little application as animal feed because of its poor quality. Rice straw is composed of roughly 75% polysaccharides and this can provide considerable value as animal feed, unfortunately, this straw is currently hard to digest, partly due to its content of lignin, and more importantly because rice straw has a high content of silica. Silica can make up to 10% of the dry weight of rice straw and this not only make it hard to digest but also highly unpalatable. Our overall aim for this project is to find ways to improve the quality of rice straw as animal feed in order to move it from being burned to becoming a valuable resource for the production of meat and dairy products.We have been studying rice straw as a potential feedstock for producing biofuels by fermentation of its component polysaccharides. As in uses of rice straw for animal feed, this process is also challenged by straw digestibility and we have been using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genes that are involved in making straw hard to digest and molecular markers that can be used in breeding studies to improve this characteristic. For this work we have made detailed genetic maps for a collection of 170 diverse rice accessions collected and grown in Vietnam. We have measured how well the straw from these varieties is digested by commercial digestive enzymes (cellulases) and also measured their content of silica and lignin. This revealed that some varieties are more than four times more digestible than others and that silica content in some more digestible varieties are lower than 1%. In the work proposed here, we wish to expand these studies to examine the characteristics of straw from the rice diversity panel in terms of animal feed quality. This will be done in a high-throughput manner in the laboratory in the UK in order to allow us to carry out GWAS to identify markers to help in breeding for improved straw in commercial varieties and to help us identify new genes that affect these characteristics. On a science level, we will focus on increasing our understanding of how silica affects straw digestibility, by looking for cell wall-related genes that affect silica content.From a point of view of seeing our studies have real impacts on straw use, we will work with scientists in Vietnam and the Philippines to demonstrate the potential value of straw improvement. We will do this by identifying a subset of rice varieties with contrasting animal feed value (high and low) and using these in feeding trials using carabao. Carabao are water buffalo traditionally used as draft animals in South East Asia that are being developed for meat and dairy production in tropical countries. The results of these trials will demonstrate the benefits of using higher quality straw for animal feed and we will use this information to educate farmers of the benefits of growing dual purpose rice varieties for grain and animal feed production, and rice breeders of the benefits of improving straw value in commercial varieties. In the long term our work has the potential to improve the environment and well-being of people in rice growing countries as well as increasing farmer income and the availability of high protein products for local consumption.

每年仅仅以摆脱它们，每年在田野里燃烧了数亿吨的稻草和果壳。这种燃烧通过释放黑碳颗粒，甲烷（和较大的挥发性化合物），一氧化碳和臭氧产生，从而导致空气质量非常差。在它们之间，这些排放会导致呼吸道疾病和裸露人群过早死亡，由于臭氧和黑碳阴影的毒性作用，作物产量的重大损失以及全球变暖增加，尤其是由于甲烷和黑色碳。如果可以找到蛋白草的其他用途，则可以避免所有这些负面影响。稻草目前由于其质量差而发现动物饲料的应用很少。稻草由大约75％的多糖组成，这可以像动物饲料一样提供相当大的价值，不幸的是，目前很难消化这种稻草，部分原因是它的木质素含量，更重要的是，因为稻草的二氧化硅含量很高。二氧化硅最多可以占稻草干重的10％，这不仅使它难以消化，而且高度无法消化。我们对该项目的总体目的是找到一种方法来提高稻草作为动物饲料的质量，以将其从被燃烧转变为生产肉类和乳制品的宝贵资源。我们一直在研究稻草，作为通过发酵其成分多糖来生产生物燃料的潜在原料。就像用稻草用于动物饲料的用途一样，该过程也受到稻草的消化率的挑战，我们一直在使用全基因组关联研究（GWAS）来识别涉及使稻草难以消化的基因和可用于繁殖研究的分子标记物来改善这种特征。对于这项工作，我们为在越南收集和种植的170种不同的水稻加入收集了详细的遗传图。我们已经测量了这些品种中的稻草被商业消化酶（纤维素酶）消化，并测量了它们的二氧化硅和木质素含量。这表明某些品种比其他品种的消化率高四倍以上，并且一些可消化的品种中的二氧化硅含量低于1％。在此处提出的工作中，我们希望扩大这些研究，以检查稻草多样性面板的特征在动物饲料质量方面。这将以英国实验室的高通量方式进行，以便我们进行GWAS以识别标记以帮助育种商业品种中的稻草，并帮助我们识别影响这些特征的新基因。从科学层面上，我们将专注于通过寻找影响二氧化硅含量的细胞壁相关基因来提高对硅胶如何影响秸秆消化率的理解。从了解我们的研究的观点从了解稻草的观点对稻草的使用产生了真正的影响，我们将与越南和菲律宾的科学家合作，以展示稻草的潜在价值。我们将通过确定与动物饲料值对比的水稻品种的子集（高和低），并在使用Carabao进行喂养试验中使用它们。 Carabao是传统上用作东南亚的动物的水牛，这些动物是在热带国家开发用于肉类和乳制品生产的。这些试验的结果将证明将高质量的吸管用于动物饲料的好处，我们将使用这些信息来教育农民的双重用途水稻品种用于谷物和动物饲料生产的好处，以及在商业品种中提高稻草价值的稻草育种者。从长远来看，我们的工作有可能改善水稻种植国家人民的环境和福祉，以及增加农民收入和高蛋白质产品供当地消费。

项目成果

CRISPR/Cas9 suppression of OsAT10, a rice BAHD acyltransferase, reduces p-coumaric acid incorporation into arabinoxylan without increasing saccharification.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926300
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 影响因子: 5.6

Additional file 1 of Association mapping identifies quantitative trait loci (QTL) for digestibility in rice straw

关联图谱的附加文件 1 确定了稻草消化率的数量性状位点 (QTL)

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13070716
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Nguyen D

Additional file 9 of Association mapping identifies quantitative trait loci (QTL) for digestibility in rice straw

关联图谱的附加文件 9 确定了稻草消化率的数量性状基因座 (QTL)

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13070740
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Nguyen D

Association mapping identifies quantitative trait loci (QTL) for digestibility in rice straw.

• DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01807-8
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Biotechnology for biofuels
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Nguyen DT;Gomez LD;Harper A;Halpin C;Waugh R;Simister R;Whitehead C;Oakey H;Nguyen HT;Nguyen TV;Duong TX;McQueen-Mason SJ
• 通讯作者: McQueen-Mason SJ