14-PSIL Combining Algal and Plant Photosynthesis (CAPP2)

14-PSIL 结合藻类和植物光合作用 (CAPP2)

• 批准号: BB/M006352/1
• 负责人: Alison Smith
• 金额: $ 1.48万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM006352%2F1
• 关键词: 14; PSIL; Combining; Algal; Plant

In most plants, growth rate is limited by the rate at which carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is taken up and converted to sugars in the process of photosynthesis. The enzyme responsible for the first step in this process, Rubisco, does not work at its potential maximum efficiency at the current levels of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere. If levels were much higher, photosynthesis would be increased and plant productivity would be higher. There is an immediate requirement for increased crop productivity to provide food for the rising population of the planet. Our project addresses this problem. We are studying a mechanism present in unicellular green algae that results in high concentrations of carbon dioxide inside their photosynthesising cells (called a Carbon Concentrating Mechanism, or CCM), enabling Rubisco to work at maximum efficiency. During the initial CAPP1 programme, we discovered important new information about this mechanism, and using new and rapid methods we have identified novel algal genes and additional regulatory components which allow the CCM to operate in association with a specific micro-compartment called a pyrenoid. We have also successfully introduced some of these components into a model higher plant, Arabidopsis, and also successfully introduced a modified form of Rubisco which may facilitate aggregation into the pyrenoid. The ambitious goals of the CAPP2 extension will be to combine the expression of the CCM and pyrenoid in the Advanced Plant. Firstly, we will continue to identify genes required by the algae to achieve high concentrations of carbon dioxide inside the cells, and develop new markers and sensors to reveal the location and activity of these genes when expressed in the higher plant. Secondly, we will identify additional regulatory elements needed to form a pyrenoid, as well as exploring the impact on Rubisco enzyme efficiency and light utilisation. Thirdly, we will continue to introduce successive components into our model Advanced Plant so as to "stack" up the activities of CCM components and examine the extent of pyrenoid formation and enhanced productivity associated with the CCM. This work will provide new insights into how plants and algae acquire and use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, of great importance in predicting and coping with the current rapid changes in the atmosphere and hence in climate. The work will also contribute to strategies to increase global food security, because it will indicate new ways in which crop productivity can be increased.

在大多数植物中，生长速度受到光合作用过程中吸收大气中二氧化碳并转化为糖的速度的限制。在当前大气中的二氧化碳水平下，负责该过程第一步的酶 Rubisco 并未发挥其潜在的最大效率。如果水平高得多，光合作用就会增加，植物生产力就会更高。迫切需要提高作物生产力，为地球上不断增长的人口提供粮食。我们的项目解决了这个问题。我们正在研究单细胞绿藻中存在的一种机制，该机制会导致其光合作用细胞内产生高浓度的二氧化碳（称为碳浓缩机制，或 CCM），从而使 Rubisco 能够以最高效率工作。在最初的 CAPP1 项目中，我们发现了有关该机制的重要新信息，并且使用新的快速方法，我们已经确定了新的藻类基因和其他调节组件，这些组件允许 CCM 与称为类核的特定微区室关联运行。我们还成功地将其中一些成分引入了模型高等​​植物拟南芥中，并成功引入了一种修饰形式的 Rubisco，它可以促进聚集到类蛋白核中。 CAPP2 扩展的宏伟目标是将 CCM 和 Pyrenoid 在 Advanced Plant 中的表达结合起来。首先，我们将继续鉴定藻类在细胞内达到高浓度二氧化碳所需的基因，并开发新的标记和传感器来揭示这些基因在高等植物中表达时的位置和活性。其次，我们将确定形成类核所需的其他调控元件，并探索对 Rubisco 酶效率和光利用率的影响。第三，我们将继续将连续组件引入我们的先进工厂模型中，以便“叠加”CCM组件的活动，并检查与CCM相关的核糖核形成程度和生产力的提高。这项工作将为植物和藻类如何从大气中获取和利用二氧化碳提供新的见解，对于预测和应对当前大气乃至气候的快速变化具有重要意义。这项工作还将有助于加强全球粮食安全的战略，因为它将指出提高作物生产力的新方法。

项目成果

Rubisco small subunits from the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas complement Rubisco-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis.

来自单细胞绿藻衣藻的 Rubisco 小亚基补充了拟南芥的 Rubisco 缺陷突变体。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1111/nph.14414
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: The New phytologist
• 作者: Atkinson N

Introducing an algal carbon-concentrating mechanism into higher plants: location and incorporation of key components.

将藻类碳浓缩机制引入高等植物：关键成分的定位和合并。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1111/pbi.12497
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Plant biotechnology journal
• 影响因子: 13.8
• 作者: Atkinson N