A genomics-assisted synthetic hexaploid wheat gene isolation and pre-breeding platform for improved heat tolerance and sustainable production

基因组学辅助合成六倍体小麦基因分离和预育种平台，用于提高耐热性和可持续生产

• 批准号: BB/L011700/1
• 负责人: James Cockram
• 金额: $ 64.64万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL011700%2F1
• 关键词: genomics; assisted; synthetic; hexaploid; wheat

Background: Wheat is the most important cereal for direct human consumption, and is crucial to populations most exposed to current and anticipated future failures in global food security. India is the world's second largest producer of wheat, while the UK is currently one of the world's highest yielding environments. However, a relatively narrow genetic base currently hampers wheat improvement by reducing our ability to breed new varieties adapted to changing environmental and disease pressures. In India, heat stress is having an increasingly negative impact on wheat yields, while in the UK losses due to drought loss cost >£60 million per year. The detrimental of heat stress in both countries is set to worsen, given current climate change scenarios for India and NW Europe. This will have serious impacts on India's wheat farming community (the majority of which grow wheat for their own consumption), as well as on UK production and global food security. Increasing global demand for wheat, coupled with factors such as the effects of climate change and the necessity for sustainable wheat production, means that investment in breeding approaches that incorporate information on wheat genetic variation ('genome-assisted' approaches) are now widely accepted as critical. However, to fully exploit such approaches, novel wheat lines which possess desirable traits not normally found in currently used varieties must first be identified and utilised. The wild relatives of wheat possess immense genetic diversity, but most of this is underutilized. Useful genetic variation can be transferred into elite wheat backgrounds from progenitor species by recreating the original natural hybridisation process that occurred 10,000 years between two wheat progenitors to create modern bread wheat. These novel wheats (called 'synthetic hexaploid wheat', SHW) inject novel genetic variation into breeding programmes aimed at developing new varieties with increased tolerance to environmental stress and other sub-optimal environmental conditions. Project aims and outcomes: This project aims to create novel SHW lines (using progenitor lines specifically selected to harbour heat stress tolerance), and use these to cross into modern Indian and UK varieties to create a large population of 1,500 progeny. This population will form the basis of a unique wheat biological resource upon which genomic-assisted approaches can be applied to investigate the novel genetic determinants of heat tolerance introduced via SHW. This will be achieved by:(1) Identifying and typing the genetic variants present in the population.(2) Using novel approaches to undertake detailed assessment of how each of the 1,500 progeny lines performs under heat stress. (3) Assessing how different genes and gene variants are expressed when exposed to heat stress. These datasets will be analysed to identify the genetic regions originating from the SHW parental lines that confer tolerance to heat stress. In this way, the project will simultaneously identify genetic markers that tag increased heat tolerance, as well as provide Indian- and UK-adapted wheat lines that express the beneficial traits. The unique position of the project partners at the interface between wheat research and breeding will be leveraged to promote rapid translation of project outcomes into national wheat breeding programmes. This project provides biological and genetic resources/tools alongside a programme of knowledge exchange and capacity building, which will aid the progress of wheat R&D and breeding in India and the UK.

背景：小麦是人类直接消费的最重要的谷物，对于当前和预期未来全球粮食安全失败最严重的人群至关重要。印度是世界第二大小麦生产国，而英国目前是世界上最大的小麦生产国之一。然而，目前相对狭窄的遗传基础降低了我们培育适应不断变化的环境和疾病压力的新品种的能力，从而阻碍了小麦的改良。在印度，热应激对小麦产量的负面影响越来越大。干旱造成的损失 损失成本鉴于印度和西北欧目前的气候变化情况，两国的热应激不利因素将进一步恶化，这将对印度的小麦种植社区（其中大多数人种植小麦）产生严重影响。自身消费），以及英国生产和全球粮食安全不断增长的全球小麦需求，加上气候变化的影响和可持续小麦生产的必要性等因素，意味着对包含小麦信息的育种方法的投资。遗传变异（“基因组辅助”方法）然而，为了充分利用这些方法，必须首先鉴定和利用具有目前使用的品种中通常不存在的理想性状的新型小麦品系，但其中大部分都具有巨大的遗传多样性。有用的遗传变异可以通过重现两个小麦祖先之间发生一万年的原始自然杂交过程，从祖先物种转移到优质小麦背景中，从而创造出现代面包小麦。六倍体小麦（SHW）将新的遗传变异注入育种计划，旨在开发对环境胁迫和其他次优环境条件具有更高耐受性的新品种。 项目目标和成果：该项目旨在创建新的 SHW 品系（专门使用祖先品系）。选择具有耐热性的小麦），并利用它们与现代印度和英国品种杂交，产生 1,500 个后代的大群体，该群体将构成独特的小麦生物资源的基础，可以在该资源上应用基因组辅助方法。研究通过 SHW 引入的新的耐热性遗传决定因素 这将通过以下方式实现：(1) 识别并分型群体中存在的遗传变异。(2) 使用新方法对 1,500 个后代中的每一个进行详细评估。 (3) 评估暴露于热应激时不同基因和基因变体的表达情况，对这些数据集进行分析，以确定源自 SHW 亲本系的赋予热应激耐受性的遗传区域。通过这种方式，该项目将同时识别标记耐热性增强的遗传标记，并提供适应印度和英国的小麦品系，这些小麦品系表达了项目合作伙伴在小麦研究和育种之间的独特地位。将用于促进项目成果快速转化为国家小麦育种计划 该项目提供生物和遗传资源/工具以及知识交流和能力建设计划，这将有助于印度和英国小麦研发和育种的进展。 。

项目成果

TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 Regulates Inflorescence Architecture and Development in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum).

TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 调节面包小麦 (Triticum aestivum) 的花序结构和发育。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1105/tpc.17.00961
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: The Plant cell
• 作者: Dixon LE

Root Hairs: An under-explored target for sustainable cereal crop production

根毛：可持续谷类作物生产的一个尚未充分探索的目标

• DOI: http://dx.10.31219/osf.io/fh2u5
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Tsang I

Application of genomics-assisted breeding for generation of climate resilient crops: progress and prospects.

应用基因组学辅助育种生产气候适应作物：进展和前景。

• DOI: http://dx.10.3389/fpls.2015.00563
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 作者: Kole C

Genetic Mapping Populations for Conducting High-Resolution Trait Mapping in Plants.

用于在植物中进行高分辨率性状作图的遗传作图群体。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1007/10_2017_48
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology
• 作者: Cockram J

Is plant variety registration keeping pace with speed breeding techniques?

植物品种登记是否跟上快速育种技术的步伐？

• DOI: http://dx.10.1007/s10681-020-02666-y
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Euphytica
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Jamali S