Development of novel oral vaccination s;trategies for Atlantic salmon

大西洋鲑鱼新型口服疫苗接种策略的开发

基本信息

批准号：
BB/M013022/1
负责人：
Chris Secombes
金额：
$ 106.99万
依托单位：
University of Aberdeen
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM013022%2F1
关键词：
Development novel oral vaccination trategies

项目摘要

Farmed salmon is Scotland's number one food export with a retail value >£1billion worldwide, and Scottish salmon isexported to over 60 countries. The Salmon aquaculture industry employs over 2,200 people and has invested over£205million between 2006 and 2011, making this industry a major player in Scotland's economy. The world's increasingdemand for animal protein has pushed the consumption of farmed fish from 9% of total fish consumed in the early 80's tonearly 50% at present, and this is likely to increase further in the coming decades. Producing enough farmed fish to supplythis demand will only be possible if the major bottlenecks to increased production are reduced or removed, and this includesthe control of infectious diseases. Salmon are fish that require a high quality environment for optimal growth but even whenthis is provided, occasionally diseases will arise and thousands of pounds can be lost due to fish mortality and qualitydepreciation. Fortunately in the late 1980's a strategy for disease prevention was established: fish vaccination. Thisstrategy has been so successful that the use of antibiotics in aquaculture has almost disappeared and all the salmon thatare farmed in Scotland will have been vaccinated at least once in their life. Although very successful this strategy has twomain drawbacks: the need for individual fish vaccination and the side-effects of adjuvants included in the vaccineformulations. In 2011 nearly 50 million fish were vaccinated in Scotland alone. This is a very costly process and in additioncauses a significant amount of stress that makes fish susceptible to other diseases and can only be employed before theyare moved to sea. The side-effects from oil-based adjuvants usually include localized inflammation within the peritonealcavity, which can compromise growth and depreciate the fillet value. To overcome this problem we propose to undertakeresearch to allow development of oral vaccination for salmon. This will include testing of a novel oral vaccine deliverytechnology based on nanoparticles. Oral vaccination has several advantages in comparison to injection: 1) the vaccinewould be formulated into the feed, making it easy to administer, 2) the stress of handling the fish is thus avoided and theneed for chemical treatments post-vaccination, to prevent opportunistic pathogens, is avoided, 3) extra doses can be givenafter fish have been moved to sea. Therefore this technology will help make salmon farming more efficient, sustainable, and reduce the cost of disease prevention. To achieve this goal we will start the project with basic researchon how foreign molecules are recognized and presented to immune cells in the gut of salmon, key knowledge required to understand oral vaccine efficacy. We will then elucidate some gene markers of vaccine effectiveness using existingcommercial vaccines that use mucosal delivery, either by immersion of fish in the vaccine solution as a primaryvaccination, or given as oral boosters. Lastly we will evaluate the use of a novel technology, silicon based nanoparticles,to deliver vaccines against two commercially relevant diseases for Atlantic salmon: Furunculosis and Pancreas Disease.With the completion of the salmon genome we know more about fish immunity than ever before. This project will use thisknowledge to undertake ground breaking research on several aspects of gut immunity and oral vaccination, helping theUK's aquaculture industry to remain sustainable and to continue to grow over the coming years.

养殖鲑鱼是苏格兰排名第一的食品出口，全球零售价> 10亿英镑，而苏格兰鲑鱼则被超过60个国家 /地区。鲑鱼水产养殖业员工超过2200人，在2006年至2011年期间投资了超过20500万英镑，使该行业成为苏格兰经济的主要参与者。全球对动物蛋白的数量增加，将养殖鱼类的消耗量从80年代初期的50％的50％的食用中的9％开始，而在未来几十年中，这可能会进一步增加。只有在减少或去除生产的主要瓶颈时，才有可能产生足够的养殖鱼来满足这种需求，这包括控制传染病的控制。鲑鱼是需要一个高质量环境才能获得最佳生长的鱼类，但是即使提供了他，偶尔也会出现疾病，并且由于鱼类的死亡率和质量剥夺，可能会损失数千磅。幸运的是，在1980年代后期，建立了预防疾病的战略：鱼类疫苗接种。这层面是如此成功，以至于在水产养殖中使用抗生素几乎消失了，苏格兰耕种的所有鲑鱼至少将在其一生中接种一次。尽管非常成功，该策略具有两个缺点：对单个鱼类疫苗接种的需求以及疫苗配方中包含的调节器的副作用。 2011年，仅在苏格兰就接种了近5000万条鱼。这是一个非常昂贵的过程，此外，还会造成很大的压力，使鱼类容易受到其他疾病的影响，并且只能在搬到海上之前雇用。油基调节器的副作用通常包括腹膜腔内的局部感染，这可能会损害生长并贬值。为了克服这个问题，我们提议承诺搜索以允许开发鲑鱼的口服疫苗。这将包括基于纳米颗粒的新型口服疫苗输送技术的测试。与注射相比，口服疫苗具有几个优势：1）应将疫苗配制到饲料中，使其易于施用，2）避免处理鱼类的压力，然后在疫苗接种后进行化学处理，以防止机会性病原体，以防止避免使用额外的剂量，3）额外的剂量可以在鱼后移至海上。因此，这项技术将有助于使鲑鱼养殖更高效，可持续，并降低预防疾病的成本。为了实现这一目标，我们将通过基础研究开始该项目，如何在鲑鱼肠道中识别并呈现给免疫细胞，这是了解口服疫苗效率所需的关键知识。然后，我们将使用现有的使用粘膜递送的商业疫苗来阐明疫苗有效性的某些基因标记，这要么通过将鱼浸入疫苗溶液中作为原代疫苗，要么以口服促进剂给药。最后，我们将评估一种新型技术，基于硅的纳米颗粒，以针对两种商业相关的大西洋鲑鱼疫苗提供疫苗：大西洋鲑鱼：雌激素和胰腺疾病。随着鲑鱼基因组的完成，我们对鱼类免疫的了解比以往任何时候都更加了解。项目将利用这些知识对肠道免疫学和口服疫苗接种的几个方面进行碎碎研究，从而帮助英国的水产养殖行业保持可持续性并在未来几年内继续增长。