Air-Sea Interaction and Sea-spray in Typhoons (ASIST)

台风中的海气相互作用和海浪喷射 (ASIST)

• 批准号: NE/H004238/1
• 负责人: Ian Brooks
• 金额: $ 47.39万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH004238%2F1
• 关键词: Air; Sea; Interaction; spray; Typhoons

The exchange of heat and moisture between the ocean and atmosphere depends upon turbulent mixing in the lower atmosphere; this depends strongly on the wind speed. At very high wind speeds the sea surface becomes dominated by breaking waves, whitecaps, and sea spray. The water droplets lofted into the lower atmosphere by turbulent air motions will undergo two interactions with the air around them. First, if they are at a different temperature from the air, they will cool or warm until their temperature matches that of the air; secondly, they will start to evaporate, contributing water vapour to the air. Evaporation requires energy, which is obtained initially by a cooling of the droplet, and then a transfer of heat from the air to the droplet. The net result of these processes is a transfer of heat and moisture between ocean and air at some altitude above the surface. The simplified mathematical descriptions of of heat and moisture exchange used within weather forecast and climate models assume that all the heat and moisture exchange takes place at the surface, thus they may provide the wrong values at high wind speeds. The difficulty of making appropriate measurements under severe storm conditions at sea means that there are very few measurements available with which to evaluate whether the spray generated actually has a significant impact or not. Theoretical studies disagree strongly about the importance of the effect. In this study we will instrument autonomous buoys, specifically designed to operate in extreme conditions, to measure the turbulent exchange of heat, moisture, momentum, and sea-spray between the atmosphere and ocean, along measurements of wave state, turbulence in the surface layer of the ocean, the extent of wave breaking, and mean conditions in the surface layers of the ocean and atmosphere. The data obtained will be used to evaluate the air-sea exchange, and determine the contribution of the sea spray to the total exchange of heat and moisture. The measurements will also be used to better define the rate of sea-spray aerosol generation under high winds, and the influence of wave state on the production rate, both of which are poorly defined. Improving understanding of air-sea interaction is particularly important for high wind conditions, because the development and track of severe storms - hurricanes and typhoons - is critically dependent on the heat and moisture input and frictional drag at the surface. This study will ultimately lead to improved prediction of severe tropical storms. The study will be carried out in close collaboration with the University of Miami, Florida, who operate the buoys from which the measurements will be made. The buoys will be deployed in the East/South China Sea in June 2010 and recovered during October 2010.

海洋和大气之间的热量和水分交换取决于低层大气中的湍流混合；这很大程度上取决于风速。风速非常高时，海面会出现碎浪、白浪和浪花。通过湍流空气运动进入低层大气的水滴将与周围的空气发生两次相互作用。首先，如果它们的温度与空气的温度不同，它们就会变冷或变热，直到它们的温度与空气的温度相匹配；其次，它们将开始蒸发，向空气中排放水蒸气。蒸发需要能量，该能量最初是通过冷却液滴，然后将热量从空气传递到液滴来获得的。这些过程的最终结果是在地表以上一定高度的海洋和空气之间进行热量和水分的传递。天气预报和气候模型中使用的热量和水分交换的简化数学描述假设所有热量和水分交换都发生在地表，因此它们可能在高风速下提供错误的值。在海上严重风暴条件下进行适当测量的难度意味着很少有可用的测量来评估所产生的喷雾是否实际上具有重大影响。理论研究对该效应的重要性存在强烈分歧。在这项研究中，我们将测量专门设计用于极端条件下运行的自主浮标，以测量大气和海洋之间的热量、水分、动量和海浪喷雾的湍流交换，同时测量波浪状态和表层湍流海洋的形状、波浪破碎的程度以及海洋和大气表层的平均条件。获得的数据将用于评估海气交换，并确定海雾对热量和水分总交换的贡献。这些测量还将用于更好地确定强风下海浪喷雾气溶胶的产生速率，以及波浪状态对产生速率的影响，而这两个方面的定义都还很差。提高对海气相互作用的了解对于强风条件尤其重要，因为飓风和台风等严重风暴的发展和轨迹很大程度上取决于热量和水分的输入以及表面的摩擦阻力。这项研究最终将改进对严重热带风暴的预测。这项研究将与佛罗里达州迈阿密大学密切合作进行，该大学负责操作进行测量的浮标。这些浮标将于2010年6月部署在东海/南海，并于2010年10月回收。

项目成果

The effect of hygroscopicity on eddy covariance estimates of sea-spray aerosol fluxes: a comparison of high-rate and bulk correction methods

吸湿性对海喷雾气溶胶通量涡流协方差估计的影响：高速校正方法和批量校正方法的比较

• DOI: http://dx.10.5194/amt-6-323-2013
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Sproson D

Global distribution and seasonal dependence of satellite-based whitecap fraction

基于卫星的白浪部分的全球分布和季节依赖性

• DOI: http://dx.10.1002/2014gl059246
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Salisbury D

A wave roughness Reynolds number parameterization of the sea spray source flux

海浪喷源通量的波浪粗糙度雷诺数参数化

• DOI: http://dx.10.1002/grl.50795
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Norris S

: air_sea measurements from moored surface buoys in the pacific during the 2010 typhoon season

：2010 年台风季节期间太平洋停泊表面浮标的air_sea 测量结果

• 作者: Neil Williams (Author)

On the variability of whitecap fraction using satellite-based observations VARIABILITY IN GLOBAL WHITECAP FRACTION

使用卫星观测研究白帽分数的变异性 全球白帽分数的变异性

• DOI: http://dx.10.1002/2013jc008797
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Oceans
• 作者: Salisbury D