Genetic and hormonal feedbacks defining tissue polarity by broad brushes and fine PINs

遗传和激素反馈通过粗刷和精细 PIN 定义组织极性

• 批准号: BB/K008617/1
• 负责人: Lars Ostergaard
• 金额: $ 60.32万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FK008617%2F1
• 关键词: Genetic; hormonal; feedbacks; defining; tissue

Multicellular organisms such as animals and plants develop specialised organs, which are composed of different types of tissues. The structure - or pattern - of organs is determined by the polarity within tissues such as for example radial or medio-lateral symmetry. Polarity is established when cells are provided with a sense of direction. Although developmental biologists have successfully identified genes required to specify individual cell types of an organ, and even how they interact in genetic networks, we know very little about the mechanisms that regulate tissue polarity. Flowering plants evolved about 140 million years ago and today comprise more than 90% of plants of the plant kingdom. The main reason for their enormous success is the development of fruits as the reproductive organ containing the developing seeds. After fertilisation, the fruit nurtures, protects and mediates the efficient dispersal of seeds to ensure success of future generations. Fruits occur in a range of shapes and sizes, but common to all fruits is that they develop from structures called carpels in the centre of the flower that fuse to form a gynoecium. Interestingly, the German poet and scientist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe hypothesised more than 200 years ago that all floral organs are in fact modified leaves. Modern genetics and molecular biology has confirmed Goethe's prediction, and revealed that also carpels are evolutionarily derived from leaves. The gynoecium is therefore formed from a simpler basic plan and modified over time to optimise its function as a reproductive organ. These modifications have for example allowed development of ovules in the ovary at the centre of the gynoecium that will be fertilised to develop seeds. They were also responsible for producing a structure at the tip of the gynoecium called stigma to facilitate pollination, and modifications furthermore resulted in the formation of a style just below the stigma to support the development of pollen tubes, which will guide the pollen to the ovules for efficient fertilisation. Whereas the ovary has medio-lateral symmetry reflecting the origin as two fused leaves, the style and stigma adopts radial symmetry. The modifications involved in creating the gynoecium from two leaves, therefore involved changing the polarity of tissues. Mobile signals such as hormones are likely to coordinate growth of the different domains and structures in the gynoecium. Our recent work suggests that the plant hormone auxin has such a prominent role. In this proposal we will build on these preliminary data and take advantage of newly developed genetic and molecular resources, mathematical modelling as well DNA-deep-sequencing technology to:1) understand how interaction between a known set of transcription factors and auxin activity regulate polarity of specific tissues.2) identify pathways and key components regulated by the auxin/transcription factor module.3) study how the auxin distribution pattern is established. Through these studies we aim to provide a unified understanding of tissue polarity establishment during gynoecium development and to reveal the key importance of auxin in allowing the transition from vegetative leaves to a complex reproductive organ.

多细胞生物（例如动物和植物）会形成专门的器官，这些器官由不同类型的组织组成。器官的结构或模式取决于组织内的极性（例如径向或中侧侧对称性）。当向细胞带来方向感时，建立极性。尽管发育生物学家已经成功地识别了指定器官单个细胞类型所需的基因，甚至它们在遗传网络中的相互作用方式，但我们对调节组织极性的机制知之甚少。开花植物大约在1.4亿年前进化，今天占该植物王国的90％以上。他们取得巨大成功的主要原因是将水果作为含有发育中种子的生殖器官的发展。受精后，果实养育，保护和调解种子的有效分散，以确保子孙后代的成功。果实出现在各种形状和大小的范围内，但所有水果共有的是它们是从融合的花朵中心的结构中形成的结构，这些结构融合形成了妇科。有趣的是，德国诗人兼科学家约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德（Johann Wolfgang von Goethe）假设200多年前，所有花卉器官实际上都是修改的叶子。现代遗传学和分子生物学已经证实了歌德的预测，并揭示了皮卡是从叶子中得出的。因此，妇科由更简单的基本计划形成，并随着时间的推移而修改，以优化其作为生殖器官的功能。例如，这些修饰可以使妇科元中心的卵巢中胚房发展，该胚房将被施肥以形成种子。他们还负责在称为污名的妇科峰的尖端产生一种结构，以促进授粉，然后修改导致形成在污名下方的样式，以支持花粉管的发展，这将引导花粉到卵形上，以获得有效的施肥。卵巢具有中缘对称性，反映了两个融合的叶子，而样式和污名采用了径向对称性。从两个叶子中产生妇科的修改涉及的修改涉及改变组织的极性。诸如激素之类的移动信号可能会协调妇科中不同域和结构的增长。我们最近的工作表明，植物激素生长素具有如此重要的作用。在该提案中，我们将基于这些初步数据，并利用新开发的遗传和分子资源，数学模型，DNA深度序列的序列技术对：1）了解：1）了解一组已知转录因子和生长素活性之间的相互作用如何调节特定组织的极性。2）识别途径和由Auxin istription iS STRAPTION IS模块化模型的识别途径。通过这些研究，我们旨在提供对妇科发育过程中组织极性建立的统一理解，并揭示生长素在允许从营养叶到复杂的生殖器官过渡方面的关键重要性。

项目成果

Fruit shape diversity in the Brassicaceae is generated by varying patterns of anisotropy.

• DOI: 10.1242/dev.135327
• 发表时间: 2016-09-15
• 期刊: Development (Cambridge, England)
• 作者: Eldridge T;Łangowski Ł;Stacey N;Jantzen F;Moubayidin L;Sicard A;Southam P;Kennaway R;Lenhard M;Coen ES;Østergaard L
• 通讯作者: Østergaard L

Gynoecium formation: an intimate and complicated relationship.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.02.005
• 发表时间: 2017-08
• 期刊: Current opinion in genetics & development
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Laila Moubayidin;L. Østergaard

Dynamic control of auxin distribution imposes a bilateral-to-radial symmetry switch during gynoecium development.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.080
• 发表时间: 2014-11-17
• 期刊: CURRENT BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 9.2
• 作者: Moubayidin, Laila;Ostergaard, Lars
• 通讯作者: Ostergaard, Lars

Systems Biology Approach Pinpoints Minimum Requirements for Auxin Distribution during Fruit Opening.

系统生物学方法确定了果实开放期间生长素分布的最低要求。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.05.003
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Molecular plant
• 影响因子: 27.5
• 作者: Li XR

A noncanonical auxin-sensing mechanism is required for organ morphogenesis in Arabidopsis.

• DOI: 10.1101/gad.285361.116
• 发表时间: 2016-10-15
• 期刊: Genes & development
• 影响因子: 10.5
• 作者: Simonini S;Deb J;Moubayidin L;Stephenson P;Valluru M;Freire-Rios A;Sorefan K;Weijers D;Friml J;Østergaard L
• 通讯作者: Østergaard L