INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR FALLS IN OLDER ADULTS

老年人跌倒的发生率和危险因素

• 批准号: 3161742
• 负责人: GRETHE S TELL
• 金额: $ 12.07万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-30 至 1995-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3161742
• 关键词: accident proneness; accidental falls; alcoholic beverage consumption; balance; body movement; body physical activity; brain disorders; cardiovascular disorder; cerebrovascular disorders; cognition disorders; depression; drug adverse effect; estrone; female; gender difference; human old age (65+); human population study; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; magnetic resonance imaging; male; neuromuscular function; osteoporosis; postural hypotension; questionnaires; racial /ethnic difference; social support network; statistics /biometry

Hip fracture is the most serious consequence of osteoporosis, and over 90% of hip fractures in women are the result of a fall. Falling accounts for the majority of deaths related to injury, and is a major cause of morbidity and disability in the elderly. Those who survive falls may have restricted activity, soft-tissue injuries, or fractures. However, the cause(s) of most falls is not known. Only a handful of studies on the epidemiology of falls have been population-based, and of these, most have investigated the contribution of only a few risk factors. We propose to study the relationship between major known and hypothesized risk factors for falls in a population-based sample of approximately 1,000 community-dwelling men and women 67 years of age and older. The association of these risk factors and falls, retrospectively (i.e. a history of falls) and prospectively, will be assessed. Specifically, we propose to determine the independent contributions of individual risk factors including brain abnormalities identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), abnormalities of gait, balance and neuromuscular function, medication use, orthostatic hypotension, cognitive and physical functioning, to subsequent risk of falls. Potential MRI abnormalities include gray and white matter changes, ventricular enlargement and stroke. We will also relate MRI abnormalities to other risk factors for falls such as abnormalities of balance, gait and neuromuscular function, and levels of plasma testosterone and estrone. The proposed research questions will be investigated in an ancillary study to an ongoing NHLBI-sponsored prospective study of cardiovascular diseases in an elderly population: The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). This partnership, where most risk factors are already obtained as part of CHS, affords an extremely cost-efficient study. The proposed study will add new knowledge about risk factors for falls, and thus to the most serious consequence of osteoporosis: hip fractures resulting from falls.

髋部骨折是骨质疏松症的最严重后果，超过90％ 女性的髋部骨折是跌倒的结果。 下降 与伤害有关的大多数死亡是发病率的主要原因 和老年人的残疾。 那些生存的瀑布可能限制了 活动，软组织伤害或骨折。 但是， 大多数瀑布是不知道的。 只有少数关于跌倒流行病学的研究 基于人群的，其中大多数调查了 只有少数风险因素。 我们建议研究 基于人群的主要已知和假设危险因素 样本约1,000名社区居民67岁 年龄及以上。 这些风险因素和跌倒的关联， 追溯（即跌倒的历史）和前瞻性将是 评估。 具体而言，我们建议确定独立 包括大脑异常在内的个人危险因素的贡献 通过磁共振成像（MRI）鉴定，步态异常， 平衡和神经肌肉功能，药物使用，体位 低血压，认知和身体功能，随后的风险 瀑布。潜在的MRI异常包括灰质和白质的变化， 心室增大和中风。我们还将联系MRI异常 跌倒的其他风险因素，例如平衡，步态和 神经肌肉功能以及血浆睾丸激素和雌酮的水平。 拟议的研究问题将在辅助研究中进行调查 进行NHLBI的心血管疾病的前瞻性研究 在老年人群中：心血管健康研究（CHS）。 这 合作伙伴关系，大多数风险因素已经作为CHS的一部分获得了， 提供了一项极其成本效益的研究。 拟议的研究将增加有关跌倒风险因素的新知识，以及 因此，骨质疏松症的最严重后果：髋部骨折 由秋天产生。