ALCOHOL, NICOTINE, AND INTERHEMISPHERIC RELATIONS

酒精、尼古丁和大脑半球之间的关系

• 批准号: 2044594
• 负责人: ERAN ZAIDEL
• 金额: $ 7.89万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-08-01 至 1995-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2044594
• 关键词: alcoholic beverage consumption; cognition; corpus callosums; handedness; human subject; interhemispheric transfer; learning transfer; male; psychotropic drugs; sensory discrimination; sensory mechanism; split brain; university student

APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT: This project will evaluate the acute effects of the common psychoactive drugs alcohol and nicotine on hemispheric functions and interhemispheric communication. Do alcohol or nicotine selectively enhance or depress function-specific modules within one or the other hemisphere in normal subjects? Do these drugs modulate the connectivity of specific communication or control channels in the corpus callosum? Effects of drugs on hemispheric functions will be assessed by tasks that can be performed independently in either hemisphere. Effects of drugs on interhemispheric communication will be assessed by tasks that require callosal transfer of sensory and control information. Comparison between the effects of the drugs in split-brain patients and normal subjects will further help separate drug effects on hemispheric functions from effects on cross- callosal transfer. Five types of interhemispheric transfer tasks will be used. 1) Motor transfer; 2) Sensory visual transfer of color, orientation, and shape; 3) Sensory auditory transfer; 4) Semantic transfer; and 5) Transfer of inhibition from one hemisphere to the other. Within-hemifield presentations of these tests provide measures of hemispheric competence. Together, these tasks tap visual and auditory, linguistic and nonlinguistic, right and left hemisphere functions. The findings will help clarify the acute effects of alcohol and nicotine on brain and normal cognitive functions. The data on modulation of hemispheric function and interhemispheric interaction may have clinical implications for functional recovery following localized lesions.Results will also have theoretical cognitive neuropsychological implications for our understanding of modular organization and intermodular communication in the brain.

申请人的摘要：该项目将评估 半球功能上的常见的精神药物酒精和尼古丁 半球间交流。 酒精或尼古丁有选择地增强 或一个半球中的一个或另一个半球内的降低功能特异性模块 正常受试者？ 这些药物是否调节特定的连通性 call体中的通信或控制渠道？药物的影响 在半球功能上，将通过可以执行的任务来评估 在任何一个半球中独立地。 药物对半球间的影响 沟通将通过需要callosol转移的任务来评估 感官和控制信息。 比较 分裂患者和正常受试者的药物将进一步帮助 对半球功能的单独影响与对跨的影响 Callosal转移。 五种类型的半球间转移任务将是 用过的。 1）电动机转移； 2）颜色，方向的感觉视觉传递， 和形状； 3）感觉听觉转移； 4）语义传递； 5） 将抑制从一个半球转移到另一个半球。在山脉内 这些测试的介绍提供了半球能力的度量。 这些任务共同利用视觉和听觉，语言和 非语言，左右半球的功能。 这些发现将有助于阐明酒精和尼古丁对 大脑和正常的认知功能。 有关调制的数据 半球功能和半球间相互作用可能具有临床 在局部病变后对功能恢复的影响。 还将对理论认知神经心理学对 我们对模块化组织和模块化沟通的理解 在大脑中。