Romani Migration between Germany and Britain (1880s-1914): Spaces of Informal Business, Media Spectacle, and Racial Policing

德国和英国之间的罗姆人移民（1880 年代-1914 年）：非正式商业空间、媒体奇观和种族警务

• 批准号: AH/W010658/1
• 负责人: Eve Rosenhaft
• 金额: $ 33.57万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FW010658%2F1
• 关键词: Romani; Migration; between; Germany; Britain

This project explores the migration of Romani ('Gypsy') groups between Germany and Britain between the 1880s and 1914. It studies and makes visible, through digital humanities methods, these widely overlooked migratory movements in a transnational perspective. It examines how the migratory space was structured through economic agency and individual action, media representation and public responses in detail, drawing on research in German, British, Polish and Dutch archives and on the extensive press coverage of the period. Two journeys of Romani Germans to Britain, and their subsequent deportations, in 1904-05 and 1906, will receive particular attention. The project mines the extensive body of text and images that the migratory movements generated to illuminate the agency of the Romani travellers themselves, their reasons for moving from Germany and their strategies for survival in Britain. The parallel aim of the project is to situate Romani migration between Germany and Britain in wider developments in regional, national and transnational policing. The Romani travellers were subject to police harassment and control wherever they went. In this period there was an intensified public and official discussion about the 'Gypsy problem' all over Europe, associated with increased police pressure on Romani and Traveller households. In practice, this was mainly exercised through the discriminatory application of controls on informal business activities, itinerant trades and associated lifestyles. But in continental Europe the police also developed forms of identity documentation, racial profiling and record-keeping that targeted Romani groups, often in collaboration with a new generation of race scientists. This project uses the lens of specific Romani migrations to explore the ways in which the practices and experiences of local police in both countries informed the national policing of 'Gypsies'. It also asks how police attitudes and practices in Britain and Germany developed in relation to one another. Both practised racialised policing in their colonies, and the project treats the realm of Romani migration between them as a transimperial space of knowledge exchange. At the same time, the overlap between the policing of 'Gypsies' as a group and the policing of itinerant trades and informal economies is significant, given that high industrialism and urbanisation were re-setting the boundaries between formal and informal. In exploring not only the racial but the economic dimensions of the policing of Romani mobility, situating the Romani migrants themselves as economic actors, the project contributes to mainstreaming Romani history in Europe's wider story.The project involves collaboration with German and British Romani and Traveller communities. A key element in terms both of methods and outputs will be the development of an interactive digital map.

该项目探讨了罗曼尼（“吉普赛”）群体在1880年代至1914年之间在德国和英国之间的迁移。它在跨国的角度研究并通过数字人文科学方法进行了研究，并通过数字人文科学方法使这些被忽视的移民运动。它研究了迁徙空间是如何通过经济机构以及个人行动，媒体代表和公众回应来构建的，借鉴了德语，英国，波兰和荷兰档案馆的研究以及该时期的广泛新闻报道。罗马尼德国人对英国的两次旅程，以及随后在1904 - 05年和1906年的驱逐出境将受到特别关注。该项目挖掘出迁徙运动为阐明罗曼旅客本身的代理而产生的广泛的文本和图像，他们从德国转移的原因以及他们在英国生存的策略。该项目的平行目的是将罗曼尼在德国和英国之间的移民置于区域，民族和跨国警务方面的更广泛发展中。罗曼尼旅行者受到警察骚扰和控制，无论他们去哪里。在此期间，关于欧洲各地“吉普赛人问题”的公众和正式讨论加强了，与警察对罗曼尼和旅行者家庭的压力增加有关。实际上，这主要是通过歧视非正式业务活动，巡回贸易和相关生活方式的控制权来行使的。但是在欧洲大陆上，警察还开发了身份文档，种族分析和记录保存的形式，这些形式通常与新一代种族科学家合作。该项目利用特定的罗马尼迁移镜头来探索两国当地警察的实践和经历的方式，向“吉普赛人”进行国家警务。它还询问了英国和德国的警察态度和习俗如何相互发展。两者都在殖民地实践种族化的警务，该项目将罗曼尼人之间的迁移范围视为知识交流的跨害域空间。同时，鉴于高工业主义和城市化正在重新确定正式和非正式之间的界限，因此“吉普赛人”的警务与巡回行业和非正式经济的警务之间的重叠非常重要。在不仅探索罗曼尼流动性警务的种族和经济方面，将罗马移民本身定位为经济参与者，该项目有助于在欧洲更广泛的故事中主流化罗曼尼的历史。该项目涉及与德国和英国罗马尼和旅行者社区的合作。方法和输出的一个关键要素将是开发交互式数字地图。