Identifying pathways to support British victims of modern slavery towards safety and recovery: A scoping study

确定支持英国现代奴隶制受害者实现安全和康复的途径：一项范围界定研究

基本信息

批准号：
AH/V012967/1
负责人：
Carole Murphy
金额：
$ 19.09万
依托单位：
St Mary's University Twickenham London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FV012967%2F1
关键词：
Identifying pathways support British victims

项目摘要

The Modern Slavery Act (MSA) does not explicitly place a duty on the State to provide support to victims of modern slavery. Instead, the arrangements for identifying and supporting all victims of modern slavery, including British Nationals (BNs), are set out in guidance issued by the Secretary of State under Section 49 of the Act. However, the Statutory Guidance fails to acknowledge the fact that the needs as well as the entitlements of BN victims are different and require a different approach. In fact, what often happens is that BN victims are increasingly signposted towards local authorities for support, many of whom remain unaware of their responsibilities under the MSA. This abdication of responsibility is compounded by the failure to provide Local Authorities and first responders with resources, training or guidance in how to provide such services and support. In her recent report, the Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner Dame Sara Thornton expressed her concerns about the lack of clarity on where the duty to safeguard BN victims lies between the Victim Care Contract (VCC) and statutory agencies. This is particularly problematic in relation to those that face prosecution for crimes they have been forced to commit. The Act provides a statutory defence (Section 45 MSA 2015) for those that have been forced, through modern slavery, to commit criminal offences. However, The implementation of the s45 defence has been consistently and aggressively resisted by the CPS who continue to seek to prosecute potential victims, often despite multi-agency evidence indicating that they are potential victims, with prosecution decisions often breaching their own guidance.Despite the statutory defence under s45 of the Act concerning those that have been forced to commit certain crimes, what constitutes "exploitation", and where criminal exploitation sits in relation to slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour and human trafficking is largely a matter of interpretation. There is no statutory definition of criminal exploitation i.e. it is not set out in law (Turner, Belcher, & Pona, 2019; Setter, Child Trafficking in the UK, 2019). Consequently, there is widespread inconsistency in how criminal exploitation might be defined and described not only in terms of what it is but also who might be a victim (Field, Butler-Sloss, & Miller, 2019; Turner, Belcher, & Pona, 2019). There is a tension between the Criminal Justice System and the Civil Statutory Safeguarding system as a result of which the former are failing to meet their safeguarding obligations by aggressively pursuing prosecutions of potential victims despite evidence of victimisation identified by the latter.These inconsistencies in approaches exist across all service areas. The uncertainty of how to respond in statutory safeguarding services, the potential re-victimisation of victims through the criminal justice system (CJS) and neglect within the CJS of safeguarding responsibilities, suggest that there may be widespread institutionalised discrimination against those in socially marginalised groups who are disadvantaged by inequality of wealth, power and opportunity and who suffer inequities of health care, education, social care and legal advocacy. This research intends to identify and examine the relational dynamics between victims, perpetrators and their social contexts that trigger and maintain complex patterns of modern slavery in the domestic context; to identify barriers to support; and to highlight interventions to support change.

《现代奴隶制法案》（MSA）并未明确地对国家施加责任，向现代奴隶制的受害者提供支持。取而代之的是，根据该法案第49条发布的指导，在包括英国国民（BNS）在内的所有现代奴隶制受害者（包括英国国民（BNS））的安排列出了。但是，法定指南未能承认一个事实，即BN受害者的需求和权利是不同的，需要不同的方法。实际上，经常发生的事情是，国阵受害者越来越多地向地方当局寻求支持，其中许多人仍然没有意识到他们在MSA下的责任。这种责任的退位使未能为地方当局和第一响应者提供有关如何提供此类服务和支持的资源，培训或指导的加剧。在她最近的报告中，独立的反奴隶制专员萨拉·桑顿（Dame Sara Thornton）表示担心，她对保护国民党受害者的义务在受害者护理合同（VCC）和法定机构之间的责任缺乏明确性。对于那些面临被迫犯下的犯罪的人，这尤其有问题。该法案提供了法定辩护（2015年第45节），为那些因现代奴隶制而被迫实施刑事犯罪的人提供了辩护。然而，S45辩护的实施一直受到CP的持续和积极的抵制，这些CPS仍在寻求起诉潜在的受害者，尽管经常进行多个机构证据表明他们是潜在的受害者，但起诉的决定经常违反自己的指导。尽管如此，他们的指导通常会违反自己的指导。与奴隶制，奴役，强迫或强制性劳动和人口贩运有关是一个解释问题。没有法定定义刑事剥削的定义，即没有在法律上规定（Turner，Belcher和Pona，2019年； Setter，英国的儿童贩运，2019年）。因此，不仅在犯罪剥削方面的定义和描述，而且还可能是受害者的定义和描述（Field，Butler-Sloss，＆Miller，2019; Turner，Belcher和Pona，＆Pona，2019年）。刑事司法系统与民事法定保护制度之间存在紧张关系，因此前者未能通过积极追求对潜在受害者的起诉来履行其保障义务，尽管后者证明了这些义务受到了受害的证据，但这些服务领域的不一致存在。如何在法定保障服务中做出反应的不确定性，通过刑事司法系统（CJS）对受害者的潜在重新限制以及在维护保护责任的CJ中忽视了受害者的不确定性，这可能会在社会上遭受卫生和机构的社会范围内的社会范围内的社会范围内的人，并遭受卫生的疾病和疾病的范围，并遭受了不平等和有效性的社会机构，并可能存在着广泛的制度化歧视，并遭受了不平等的范围，并遭受了不平等的范围，并且有能力遭受卫生的责任，并有能力遭受卫生的责任，并遭受了有力的和平关心，有力地遭受了有力的和平等的责备，并且有能力侵害卫生的机构，并且有能力遭受卫生的责任，并且遭受了疾病的范围。倡导。这项研究旨在识别和研究受害者，肇事者及其社会环境之间的关系动态，这些动态在国内背景下触发并保持现代奴隶制的复杂模式；确定支持的障碍；并强调干预措施以支持变更。