AUDITORY PROCESSING OF UNCERTAIN STIMULI

不确定刺激的听觉处理

• 批准号: 2733657
• 负责人: Donna L Neff
• 金额: $ 12.73万
• 依托单位: FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-12-01 至 2001-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2733657
• 关键词: attention; auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; computational neuroscience; cues; human subject; model design /development; perceptual maskings; performance; psychoacoustics

DESCRIPTION: The long-term goal of this project is to understand the auditory processes that determine performance under conditions of stimulus uncertainty, that is, when one or more of the physical parameters of the sounds cannot be predicted. Stimulus uncertainty nearly always degrades performance, sometimes by several orders of magnitude. Previous work by this laboratory on effects of masker uncertainty, signal uncertainty, and combinations of signal and masker (context) uncertainty supports the hypothesis that relative stimulus variability is a major determinant of performance with uncertain stimuli. In the proposed studies, the first specific aim is to continue tests of whether stimuli with greater variability dominate performance, and to provide direct tests of the variability-based CoRe model of uncertainty effects. The four remaining specific aims examine higher-order, listener-based processes known to influence performance with complex stimuli. These aims will test: 1) whether manipulations that promote sound segregation reduce effects of frequency uncertainty; 2) whether general listening strategies differ across individuals and tasks; 3) whether listeners "weight" stimulus components of equal variability unequally, and whether non-optimal weights degrade performance; and 4) whether manipulations of listener expectations by instructions and payoff matrices can change performance. Experiments are grouped in four categories based on type of uncertainty and common measurement procedures: 1) studies of masker uncertainty using detections tasks; 2) studies of signal uncertainty using probe-signal tasks commonly used to assess higher-order processes; 3) studies of signal uncertainty using sample-discrimination tasks, in which relative stimulus variation can be easily quantified; and 4) studies of combined signal and context (masker) uncertainty using sample-discrimination tasks. Because stimulus uncertainty is inherent in everyday listening situations, these experiments will contribute to more realistic models of auditory processing that include important central processes, such as listener strategies and decision rules, as well as peripheral, stimulus-based processes.

描述：该项目的长期目标是了解 在刺激条件下确定性能的听觉过程 不确定性，也就是说，当一个或多个物理参数的一个或多个 声音无法预测。 刺激不确定性几乎总是降解 性能，有时是几个数量级。 以前的工作 该实验室对掩蔽不确定性，信号不确定性和 信号和掩蔽器（上下文）不确定性的组合支持 假设相对刺激变异性是 具有不确定刺激的性能。 在拟议的研究中，第一个 具体目的是继续测试刺激是否更大 可变性主导性能，并提供直接测试 基于变异性的不确定性效应的核心模型。 剩下的四个 具体目的检查已知的高阶，基于听众的过程 用复杂的刺激影响性能。 这些目标将测试：1） 促进声音隔离的操作是否减少了 频率不确定性； 2）一般听力策略在各个方面是否有所不同 个人和任务； 3）听众是否“体重”刺激成分 同等变异性不平等，以及非最佳权重降解是否降级 表现; 4）是否通过 说明和回报矩阵可以改变性能。 实验是 根据不确定性类型和常见类型分为四类 测量程序：1）使用检测的掩蔽不确定性研究 任务； 2）通常使用探针信号任务研究信号不确定性 用于评估高阶过程； 3）信号不确定性的研究 使用样本歧视任务，其中相对刺激变化可以 容易量化； 4）联合信号和上下文的研究（掩蔽器） 使用样本歧视任务的不确定性。 因为刺激不确定性 这些实验将是日常聆听情况所固有的 有助于更现实的听觉处理模型，包括 重要的中心过程，例如听众策略和决策规则， 以及外围，基于刺激的过程。