EARLY OLFACTORY DEVELOPMENT

早期嗅觉发育

• 批准号: 2654417
• 负责人: PETER C BRUNJES
• 金额: $ 13.3万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-02-01 至 2000-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2654417
• 关键词: afferent nerve; denervation; developmental neurobiology; glia; infant animal; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurons; olfactory lobe; olfactory nerve; opossums; prosencephalon; telencephalon

The experiments proposed examine the development of the central relays in the olfactory system: the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus and primary olfactory cortex. The olfactory system has been chosen for several reasons: its function is quite important in young mammals and its clear laminar organization facilitates quantitative studies of early brain growth. The projects employ the gray, short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica. Monodelphis pups are born in a very immature state, and, as the species lacks a pouch, are quite accessible to early experimental manipulation. These features, coupled with the slow growth of the species, offer a mammalian preparation uniquely suited for examinations of early developmental interactions. Issues addressed include: A) How do glomeruli develop? Information is passed to the central nervous system in regions known as glomeruli, each of which are thought to receive specialized information about different aspects of stimuli. Therefore, the developmental segregation of inputs into glomeruli may organize information flow throughout the entire system. Data exists suggesting both peripheral and central factors are responsible for glomerular organization. We plan to test these ideas by examining sequences of development of both neurons and glia. B) What are the basic patterns of growth and maturation in the central olfactory projections? Surprisingly little is known about the development of cellular morphology for most of the major neuron classes in the olfactory system. We plan to examine the development of cell shape using several new techniques. C) How important is bulb development in the formation of higher order structures? The fact that the bulb is one of the most precocious regions of the forebrain to develop has been used to suggest that there is a "serial induction" in the system, with the periphery inducing the bulb and the bulb then acting to organize subsequent relays. We will test this notion by removing the olfactory' bulb during early life and examining the subsequent growth of the higher processing areas. D) How important is afferent activity in the formation of higher order structures? Early sensory manipulations have been demonstrated to have far-reaching effects on the development of the olfactory bulb. Monodelphis, due to its extreme immaturity at birth, offers an opportunity to examine the role of functional activation throughout the entire formative period of the system. Together, the studies will provide important information about normal processes of brain development and their control by both internal and external factors.

该实验提出了研究中央接力的发展 嗅觉系统：嗅球，前嗅觉核和 主要的嗅皮层。选择了几个嗅觉系统 原因：它的功能在年轻的哺乳动物中非常重要且清晰 层流组织有助于早期大脑的定量研究 生长。这些项目采用灰色，短尾的负鼠单层 家乡。幼犬幼崽出生于一个非常不成熟的状态，作为 物种缺乏小袋，很早就可以使用 操纵。这些特征，再加上物种的缓慢生长， 提供独特的哺乳动物准备工作，适合早期检查 发展互动。解决的问题包括：a）glomeruli如何 发展？信息已传递给区域的中枢神经系统 被称为glomeruli，每个人都被认为接受专业 有关刺激不同方面的信息。因此， 输入到肾小球的发展隔离可能会组织 整个系统中的信息流。存在数据表明 外围和中心因素负责肾小球 组织。我们计划通过检查 神经元和神经胶质的发展。 b）什么是什么 中央嗅觉预测中的生长和成熟？出奇 关于大多数细胞形态的发展知之甚少 嗅觉系统中的主要神经元类。我们计划检查 使用多种新技术开发细胞形状。 c）多么重要 灯泡在高阶结构的形成中是否发展？事实 灯泡是前脑最早熟的地区之一 发展已被用来暗示在 系统，周围诱导灯泡和灯泡，然后行动 组织后续继电器。我们将通过删除 嗅觉在早期的灯泡并检查了随后的增长 较高的处理区域。 d）传入活动在 高阶结构的形成？早期的感官操纵有 被证明对 嗅球。单层，由于其出生时的极端不成熟， 提供了检查功能激活的作用的机会 在整个系统的整个形成期。在一起， 研究将提供有关大脑正常过程的重要信息 内部和外部因素的发展及其控制。