CATARACT AND MACULOPATHY ETIOLOGIES AND FUNCTIONAL IMPACT

白内障和黄斑病的病因和功能影响

• 批准号: 6295576
• 负责人: SHEILA K WEST
• 金额: $ 1.59万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-08-15 至 1999-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6295576
• 关键词: aging; alcoholic beverage consumption; antioxidants; ascorbate; behavioral /social science research tag; cataract; chemoprevention; epidemiology; eye disorder diagnosis; functional ability; glutathione peroxidase; human old age (65+); human subject; light adverse effect; macular degeneration; nutrition related tag; oxidative stress; pathologic process; retinoids; tobacco abuse; tocopherols; ultraviolet radiation; visible light; zinc

Cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the leading causes of blindness in the older person. Despite the obvious impact on visual impairment, little is known about the impact on functional status of either disease or the possible interaction with co-morbidities. The population based laboratory in core project B will provide a unique opportunity: 1) to measure, at baseline, the contribution of the earliest lens changes and maculopathy to increased risk of functional impairment in mobility, activities and instrumental activities of daily living in 2,300 community- dwelling residents of Salisbury, age 65 to 84; and 2) to determine the impact of progression of lens opacities and maculopathy on change in functional status at the time of 20-month follow-up. The determination of effective preventive or treatment strategies to improve functional status requires the identification of the tasks and activities which are compromised by these diseases. The assessment of the lens and macula of each participant in the community will enable us to carry out etiologic studies of antioxidant status, smoking and alcohol use, and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) and visible light as risk factors and protective factors for cataract and AMD. Our previous studies in this geographic area have demonstrated the importance of high UV exposure on the risk of cortical and posterior sub-capsular cataract, and provide suggestive evidence that visible light exposure is related to AMD. In this project, these findings are extended by proposing high antioxidant status protects against oxidative stress from light exposure, protection which may be attenuated among heavy smokers or drinkers. Cumulative UV and visible light exposure will be assessed using techniques developed by us and validated in this population. Past and current dietary intake of antioxidants will be assessed by interview, as well as biochemistry on blood samples for Vitamins A, C, E, glutathione peroxidase, and zinc. A nested case-control design will be used on the cross-sectional data. A prospective study of antioxidant status and exposure to current UV and visible light and the relationship to incidence and progression of lens opacities and age-related maculopathy will be performed after the 20-month follow-up. This prospective component will provide data on the protective effect of antioxidants and the importance of avoiding sun exposure on the onset or progression of these age-related ocular morbidities.

白内障和与年龄有关的黄斑变性（AMD）是主要原因 老年人失明。 尽管对视觉有明显的影响 损害，对任何一个对功能状态的影响知之甚少 疾病或可能与合并症的相互作用。 人口 核心项目B中的实验室将提供一个独特的机会：1） 在基线时测量最早的镜头的贡献，并且 大肿瘤是增加流动性功能障碍的风险， 2300个社区的日常生活活动和工具活动 - 索尔兹伯里的住宅居民，65至84岁； 2）确定 晶状体不透明和大肿瘤的进展对变化的影响 20个月随访时的功能状态。 确定 有效的预防或治疗策略以提高功能状态 需要确定任务和活动 这些疾病妥协。 社区中每个参与者的镜头和黄斑的评估 将使我们能够对抗氧化剂状态进行病因学研究， 吸烟和饮酒，并暴露于紫外线（UV）和可见光 作为白内障和AMD的风险因素和保护因素。 我们的先前 该地理区域的研究表明了高紫外线的重要性 暴露于皮质和后囊型白内障的风险，以及 提供暗示性的证据，表明可见的光暴露与AMD有关。 在这个项目中，这些发现是通过提出高抗氧化剂来扩展的 地位可预防氧化应激免受光暴露，防护 可能会在浓烟或饮酒者中减弱。 累积紫外线和 可见光暴露将使用我们开发的技术评估 并在该人群中得到验证。 过去和现在的饮食摄入 抗氧化剂将通过访谈以及生物化学评估 维生素A，C，E，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和锌的血液样品。 一个 嵌套的情况对照设计将用于横截面数据。 一个 前瞻性研究抗氧化剂状态和暴露于当前紫外线和 可见光以及与镜头的发生率和进展的关系 20个月后将进行不熟悉和与年龄相关的大肿瘤 后续。 该预期组件将提供有关保护性的数据 抗氧化剂的作用以及避免日晒对阳光的重要性 这些与年龄相关的眼病的发作或进展。