COGNITION AFTER LESIONS OF IMMATURE CEREBRAL CORTEX

未成熟大脑皮层损伤后的认知

• 批准号: 2379721
• 负责人: BERTRAM R PAYNE
• 金额: $ 31.27万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-04-19 至 1999-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2379721
• 关键词: age difference; brain injury; brain mapping; cats; cerebral cortex; cognition; developmental neurobiology; experimental brain lesion; neural information processing

DESCRIPTION:(From the Abstract) Lesions of the cerebral cortex sustained early in life provoke system wide repercussions that include substantial rewiring of remaining subcortical and cortical pathways. These repercussions contribute significantly to functional compensations by subcortical and cortical neurons and to the sparing of perceptual and cognitive processes that are profoundly impaired following equivalent damage incurred by the mature brain. The long- term goal of the proposed work is to identify the classes of functions that are spared by the early cortical damage, and to identify the neural basis of the sparing. The specific aim of the proposed work is to apply a battery of tasks to extend our knowledge of the neural functions spared by early lesions of areas 17 and 18 and to investigate the contributions middle suprasylvian (MS) and the ventral part of the posterior suprasylvian (vPS) regions of extrastriate cortex make to the sparing. Studies will be carried out on cats which incurred damage to areas 17 & 18 on the day of birth or at one month of age, and comparison data will be collected from intact cats and cats which incurred equivalent damage in adulthood. They will train cats, when mature, on a battery of behavioral tasks for functions normally associated with: 1) damaged areas 17 & 18, 2) MS and vPS extrastriate regions, and 3) afferent alpha (Y) or beta (X) signal transfer streams, and determine the cats' visual capacities. They will then implant cooling probes and reversibly deactivate MS and vPS cortices bilaterally, and in turn, test the contributions the two regions make to the spared behaviors. The behavioral tasks and comparisons between groups will reveal 1) the classes of tasks that are spared following the early lesions of areas 17 and 18; 2) age dependent differences in spared functions; 3) whether the remaining regions of cortex are able to adopt functions normally associated with the damaged areas 17 & 18; and 4) whether functions normally associated with a discrete cortical region remain localized following the early lesion or whether they become dispersed, as the substantial rewiring of extrastriate pathways suggest. On all cats they will carry out periodic assessments to verify the constancy of behaviors and cooling-induced defects across test sessions. At the end of testing they will verify cooling deactivation of neurons, assess the extent of cortex deactivated by cooling, and determine amount of areas 17 & 18 removed. The proposed work will provide detailed information on the capacities of the immature cerebral cortex to compensate for perceptual and cognitive functions lost or handicapped following equivalent damage of the mature cerebrum. The identification of these capacities is important for steering future anatomical, physiological and behavioral efforts directed at comprehending the consequences of early cerebral cortical damage, and for developing therapeutic strategies that attempt to enhance the sparing of cortical functions.

描述：（摘要）大脑皮层持续损伤 生命早期会引起系统范围内的影响，包括重大影响 剩余皮质下和皮质通路的重新布线。 这些 影响对功能补偿有显着贡献 皮质下和皮质神经元，并保留知觉和 同等程度的认知过程严重受损 成熟大脑造成的损伤。 拟议的长期目标 工作是确定免于的功能类别 早期皮质损伤，并确定保留的神经基础。 拟议工作的具体目标是将一系列任务应用于 扩展我们对早期病变所幸免的神经功能的了解 区域 17 和 18 并调查中上西维亚的贡献 (MS) 和后外侧裂上区 (vPS) 的腹侧部分 纹外皮质使之免受伤害。 研究将针对 在出生当天或出生时对区域 17 和 18 造成损坏的猫 一个月大时，将从完整的猫身上收集比较数据 以及成年后遭受同等伤害的猫。 他们将训练 成熟后的猫依靠一系列行为任务来实现功能 通常与：1) 受损区域 17 和 18，2) MS 和 vPS 纹外区域，以及 3) 传入 α (Y) 或 β (X) 信号 传输流，并确定猫的视觉能力。 他们会 然后植入冷却探针并可逆地停用 MS 和 vPS 双边皮质，然后依次测试两个皮质的贡献 地区做出了幸免的行为。 行为任务和 组之间的比较将揭示 1) 任务的类别 17 和 18 区早期损伤后幸免； 2) 年龄相关 备用功能的差异； 3）剩余区域是否 皮层能够采用通常与受损相关的功能 17 区和 18 区； 4) 功能是否通常与 离散的皮质区域在早期病变后仍保持局部化或 它们是否会因为大规模重新布线而变得分散 纹外途径表明。 他们将对所有猫进行定期检查 评估以验证行为的稳定性和冷却引起的 测试过程中的缺陷。 测试结束时他们将验证 冷却神经元失活，评估皮层失活的程度 通过冷却，并确定去除的区域 17 和 18 的量。 拟议的工作将提供有关能力的详细信息 不成熟的大脑皮层来补偿知觉和认知 在成熟的同等损伤后功能丧失或残疾 大脑。 识别这些能力对于 指导未来的解剖学、生理学和行为努力 了解早期大脑皮层损伤的后果，以及 制定试图增强的治疗策略 保留皮质功能。