COGNITION AFTER LESIONS OF IMMATURE CEREBRAL CORTEX

未成熟大脑皮层损伤后的认知

• 批准号: 2379721
• 负责人: BERTRAM R PAYNE
• 金额: $ 31.27万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-04-19 至 1999-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2379721
• 关键词: age difference; brain injury; brain mapping; cats; cerebral cortex; cognition; developmental neurobiology; experimental brain lesion; neural information processing

DESCRIPTION:(From the Abstract) Lesions of the cerebral cortex sustained early in life provoke system wide repercussions that include substantial rewiring of remaining subcortical and cortical pathways. These repercussions contribute significantly to functional compensations by subcortical and cortical neurons and to the sparing of perceptual and cognitive processes that are profoundly impaired following equivalent damage incurred by the mature brain. The long- term goal of the proposed work is to identify the classes of functions that are spared by the early cortical damage, and to identify the neural basis of the sparing. The specific aim of the proposed work is to apply a battery of tasks to extend our knowledge of the neural functions spared by early lesions of areas 17 and 18 and to investigate the contributions middle suprasylvian (MS) and the ventral part of the posterior suprasylvian (vPS) regions of extrastriate cortex make to the sparing. Studies will be carried out on cats which incurred damage to areas 17 & 18 on the day of birth or at one month of age, and comparison data will be collected from intact cats and cats which incurred equivalent damage in adulthood. They will train cats, when mature, on a battery of behavioral tasks for functions normally associated with: 1) damaged areas 17 & 18, 2) MS and vPS extrastriate regions, and 3) afferent alpha (Y) or beta (X) signal transfer streams, and determine the cats' visual capacities. They will then implant cooling probes and reversibly deactivate MS and vPS cortices bilaterally, and in turn, test the contributions the two regions make to the spared behaviors. The behavioral tasks and comparisons between groups will reveal 1) the classes of tasks that are spared following the early lesions of areas 17 and 18; 2) age dependent differences in spared functions; 3) whether the remaining regions of cortex are able to adopt functions normally associated with the damaged areas 17 & 18; and 4) whether functions normally associated with a discrete cortical region remain localized following the early lesion or whether they become dispersed, as the substantial rewiring of extrastriate pathways suggest. On all cats they will carry out periodic assessments to verify the constancy of behaviors and cooling-induced defects across test sessions. At the end of testing they will verify cooling deactivation of neurons, assess the extent of cortex deactivated by cooling, and determine amount of areas 17 & 18 removed. The proposed work will provide detailed information on the capacities of the immature cerebral cortex to compensate for perceptual and cognitive functions lost or handicapped following equivalent damage of the mature cerebrum. The identification of these capacities is important for steering future anatomical, physiological and behavioral efforts directed at comprehending the consequences of early cerebral cortical damage, and for developing therapeutic strategies that attempt to enhance the sparing of cortical functions.

描述：（摘要）持续的大脑皮质病变 生命的早期激发系统广泛的影响，包括实质性 剩余的皮质和皮质途径的重新布线。 这些 反影响对功能补偿有重大贡献 皮层和皮质神经元，以及感知和 认知过程在等效上受到严重损害 成熟大脑引起的损害。 拟议的长期目标 工作是确定由 早期皮质损伤，并确定保留的神经基础。 拟议工作的具体目的是将一系列任务应用于 扩展了我们对神经功能的了解 区域17和18，并调查中层中心的贡献 （MS）和腹侧腹侧（VPS）区域的腹侧区域 间隔皮层使得保留。 研究将进行 猫在出生当天或在 一个月大，将从完整的猫那里收集比较数据 和猫在成年后造成了同等损害。 他们将训练 猫，当成熟时，在功能的一系列行为任务上 通常与：1）损坏区域17和18，2）MS和VPS 外部区域和3）传入alpha（y）或beta（x）信号 转移流，并确定猫的视觉能力。 他们会的 然后植入冷却探针并可逆地停用MS和VP 双侧皮质，然后测试两者的贡献 区域对不幸的行为做出了影响。 行为任务和 组之间的比较将揭示1） 在第17和18区的早期病变之后不遗余力； 2）年龄依赖 避免功能的差异； 3）其余地区是否 皮层能够采用通常与受损的功能 区域17和18; 4）功能是否正常与 离散皮质区域在病变早期或 它们是否被分散，作为重大的重新布线 室外途径建议。 在所有猫上，他们都会定期进行 评估以验证行为和冷却引起的恒定 跨测试会话的缺陷。 在测试结束时，他们将验证 神经元的冷却失活，评估皮层停用的程度 通过冷却，并确定去除17和18的区域的数量。 拟议的工作将提供有关能力的详细信息 不成熟的脑皮质补偿感知和认知 在成熟的等效损害后丢失或残障的功能 大脑。 这些能力的识别对于 指导未来的解剖，生理和行为努力 理解早期脑皮质损伤的后果，并 用于制定试图增强的治疗策略 保留皮质功能。