BIOMECHANICS OF AMBULATION IN OLD ADULTS

老年人行走的生物力学

• 批准号: 6234391
• 负责人: JAMES Anthony ASHTON-MILLER
• 金额: $ 5.29万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-06-01 至 1998-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6234391
• 关键词: Parkinson's disease; attention; balance; behavioral /social science research tag; biomechanics; body movement; cognition disorders; electromyography; functional ability; gait; human old age (65+); human subject; human very old age (85+); limb movement; mathematical model; muscle strength; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; performance; physical fitness; statistics /biometry; vision; young adult human (21-34)

Over 2.2 million Americans, or 8% of those 65 years and older, have difficulty with ambulation. The ability to ambulate safely on even and uneven surfaces, to successfully negotiate steps, obstacles and restricted spaces is an important aspect of independent living. A major focus of this research is understanding how the biomechanical requirements of ambulation tasks match the individual's biomechanical capabilities as changes to both occur with increasing functional impairment. Thus the biomechanical requirements of the seven (Project 1 Lo-tech) ambulatory tasks will be quantified in 126 (Project 1) subjects with a range of impairments. These data will then be used in Program-wide tests of hypotheses concerning the role of biomechanical and neuropsychological factors in mobility impairments. In 100 other elderly subjects (aged 55-69 years) with and without Parkinson's Disease, who also have a range of mobility impairments, detailed "Hi-tech" biomechanical analyses will be used to study how ambulatory task performance depends upon the interaction between biomechanical requirements and physical/ cognitive impairment(s). Three ambulatory activities will be used: a highly-modified walking-in-place task, stepping over obstacles, and walking up and down stairs. The first task is designed to give insights into how, when and why the threshold tolerance for whole body instability, hypothesized to be a fundamental requirement of normal gait, changes with impairment. The second task is designed to investigate why tripping is a leading cause of falls in the elderly: the hypothesis will be tested that impairments in peripheral vision, biomechanical and/or neuropsychological factors such as attention can adversely affect obstacle clearance success rates, hence increasing the probability of tripping. The third task is designed to determine whether it is the increased strength requirement alone, or an interaction with physical or neuropsychological deficits, that causes elderly subjects capable of ambulating on the level to have stair mobility problems. We will also analyze how the use of a right hand-rail alters task requirements and performance. The insights gained from this research will improve the effectiveness of diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic measures in maintaining ambulatory independence of the elderly as long as possible. Because of their rich detail, and graded difficulty structure, these analyses will yield significant new insights into the biomechanical elements of mobility.

超过220万美国人，或65岁及以上的美国人有8％ 难以进行移动。 安全行驶的能力均匀和 表面不均匀，以成功谈判步骤，障碍和 限制空间是独立生活的重要方面。 专业 这项研究的重点是了解生物力学 流动任务的要求与个人的生物力学相匹配 功能随着功能的增加而发生变化的功能 损害。 因此，七个（项目1）的生物力学要求 Lo-Tech）门诊任务将在126（项目1）受试者中进行量化 有一系列损害。 然后将这些数据用于 关于生物力学和 流动性障碍中的神经心理因素。 在其他100名老年人（55-69岁）中，有或没有 帕金森氏病也患有一系列流动性障碍， 详细的“高科技”生物力学分析将用于研究 卧床任务绩效取决于 生物力学要求和身体/认知障碍（S）。 三 将使用门诊活动：一个高度改良的就地步行 任务，跨越障碍，上下楼梯。 第一个 任务旨在深入了解如何，何时和为什么阈值 全身不稳定的耐受性，假设是基本 正常步态的要求，随着损害而变化。 第二个任务是 旨在调查为什么绊倒是导致跌倒的主要原因 老年人：将检验该假设是外周的损害 视觉，生物力学和/或神经心理学因素，例如注意 会对障碍清除成功率产生不利影响，从而增加 绊倒的可能性。 第三个任务旨在确定 是单独使用强度要求还是相互作用 由于身体或神经心理学缺陷，会导致老年人 能够在层次上行动的受试者 问题。 我们还将分析使用右手轨的使用如何改变 任务要求和性能。 从这项研究中获得的见解将提高 维持诊断，治疗和预防措施 老年人的门诊独立。 由于 它们丰富的细节和分级难度结构，这些分析将 对生物力学元素的生物力学元素产生重要的新见解 机动性。