RISK FACTORS FOR ALCOHOLISM IN NATIVE AMERICANS

美洲原住民酗酒的危险因素

• 批准号: 2000379
• 负责人: CINDY L EHLERS
• 金额: $ 33.74万
• 依托单位: SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-09-26 至 1999-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2000379
• 关键词: Native Americans; alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; aldehyde dehydrogenases; auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; biomarker; blood pressure; blood tests; brain electrical activity; cortisol; disease /disorder proneness /risk; electroencephalography; evoked potentials; family genetics; genotype; heart rate; human genetic material tag; human subject; isozymes; mental disorder diagnosis; middle childhood (6-11); racial /ethnic difference; visual stimulus; young adult human (21-34)

The prevalence of alcohol abuse and alcoholism among different ethnic groups varies widely.. Certain tribes of Native Americans have very high rates of alcohol abuse when compared to Caucasian, African American, and Asian American subjects living in the same geographic areas. These ethnic differences in rates of alcoholism are thought to reflect a combination of sociocuItural and biological factors. Within the biological realm, several preliminary studies provide evidence to suggest that certain electrophysiological variables (ERPs and EEGs) may be good markers of genetic predisposition to alcoholism. Few studies, however, have evaluated whether ethnic and/ or racial diversities exist in electrophysiological markers of alcoholism risk. Recent data do suggest that there is genetic diversity in biologic sensitivity to alcohol. The source of the differences in alcohol sensitivity are not well understood, but presumably result, in part, from genetic differences in metabolic factors, i.e., genetic polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), as well as inborn differences in CNS "reactivity." The overall objective of the proposed studies is to extend our previous investigations, which evaluated biologic reactivity to alcohol and placebo challenge in Caucasian sons of alcoholics, Asian American men, and Native American men. Our preliminary studies suggest that Native American men have a qualitatively different response to alcohol than Caucasian and Asian American men. We believe that this diversity in response to alcohol may, in part, account for their increased risk for the development of alcoholism. In order to explore this further, in new sets of studies, both Native American men and women ages 18-25 will be tested for biologic reactivity to alcohol and placebo using a modification of the same alcohol challenge protocol from our previous studies. In addition, behavioral and electrophysiological data will be collected from Native American boys and girls between the ages of 8-11 in order to determine whether specific risk markers might be present in young boys and girls prior to any alcohol exposure. These studies have the potential to verify whether Native Americans have any specific biological or behavioral factors that may help to explain the high risk for alcoholism within the tribes evaluated. The identification of such variables may potentially be useful in the development of specific prevention and treatment programs for this population as well as other Native American tribes.

不同种族的酗酒和酗酒患病率 群体差异很大。美洲原住民的某些部落有非常高的 与白种人、非裔美国人和其他人相比，酗酒率 居住在同一地理区域的亚裔美国人。这些民族 酗酒率的差异被认为反映了以下因素的综合影响： 社会文化和生物因素。在生物领域内，有几个 初步研究提供的证据表明某些 电生理变量（ERP 和 EEG）可能是良好的标记 酗酒的遗传倾向。然而，很少有研究评估 电生理学中是否存在民族和/或种族多样性 酗酒风险的标志。最近的数据确实表明存在遗传因素 对酒精的生物敏感性的多样性。的来源 酒精敏感性的差异尚不清楚，但据推测 部分原因是代谢因素的遗传差异，即 乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）和醛的遗传多态性 脱氢酶 (ALDH)，以及中枢神经系统“反应性”的先天差异。 拟议研究的总体目标是扩展我们之前的研究 评估对酒精和安慰剂的生物反应性的调查 酗酒者的白人儿子、亚裔美国男性和原住民面临的挑战 美国男人。我们的初步研究表明，美国原住民男性 对酒精的反应与白人有本质上的不同 亚裔美国男性。我们相信这种对酒精反应的多样性 可能在一定程度上解释了它们的发展风险增加 酗酒。为了进一步探索这一点，在新的研究中， 18-25 岁的美国原住民男性和女性将接受生物检测 使用相同酒精的修饰物对酒精和安慰剂的反应 我们之前的研究中的挑战协议。此外，行为和 将从美国原住民男孩收集电生理数据 8-11岁的女孩，以确定是否存在特定风险 在饮酒之前，年轻男孩和女孩可能会出现标记物 接触。这些研究有可能验证 Native 是否 美国人有任何特定的生物或行为因素可能会有所帮助 解释所评估的部落中酗酒的高风险。这 识别这些变量可能会在以下方面有用： 为此制定具体的预防和治疗方案 人口以及其他美洲原住民部落。